东欧南部阿普塞尼-巴纳特-蒂莫克-斯雷德诺戈里斯基（ABTS）铜-金成矿带地质特征

Geological characteristics and research progress of Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie Cu-Au metallogenic belt in Southeast Europe

东欧南部阿普塞尼-巴纳特-蒂莫克-斯雷德诺戈里斯基(ABTS)成矿带位于特提斯巨型成矿域的西段,矿床类型主要包括斑岩型铜-金-钼矿床、矽卡岩型钼-铁-铅-锌矿床、浅成低温热液型铜-金-银矿床等,成矿作用主要与晚白垩世钙碱性岩浆活动有关。整个成矿带的矿床形成于20Ma,为短期构造成矿。空间上,斯雷德诺戈里斯基地区成岩成矿年龄有自北向南减小的趋势。目前,该矿带成矿模型主要为板块折返模型,在板块俯冲的过程中,受非洲和欧洲板块之间的远程作用力的影响,俯冲角度逐渐变陡,导致上地幔和软流圈物质上涌,并伴随上盘的伸展,熔体上升到浅部层位形成相关的岩体和矿床。伴随着板块折返,岩浆侵位轨迹南移,导致斯雷德诺戈里斯基和蒂莫克地区自北向南成岩成矿年龄逐渐降低。该成矿带与国内冈底斯成矿带具有相似的矿床类型和成岩年龄空间分布特征,在成矿时代、成矿构造环境上不同。

The ABTS belt is part of the Tethyan Eurasian Metallogenic belt and hosts Cu-Au-Mo porphyry(some with notable PGE abundances), Mo-Fe-Pb-Zn skarn, and Cu-Au-Ag epithermal deposits. These deposits are mainly associated with the late Cretaceous calc-alkaline magmatite. All the deposits in this belt were emplaced at 20 Ma, indicating that the fundamental tectonic process was short-lived. In space, ages for magmatism and mineralization in Srednogorie decrease from north to south. At present,the main metallogenic model of this ore belt is plate roll back. According to the plate roll back model, steepening of the slab during roll-back led to an increased corner flow of upper lithospheric mantle and asthenospheric material, combined with extension of the upper plate, the melt rose to the shallow horizon and generated related magmatites and deposits. Continued slab rolling back shifted the locus of melt generation southward, resulting in the unequivocal age trend identified in Timok and Srednogorie. This belt is similar to Gangdise belt in deposit type and metallogenic age distribution, but there are some differences in metallogenic age and metallogenic tectonic setting.