上海市3～5岁儿童牙酸蚀症流行情况

Epidemiological profiles of dental erosion in 3-to 5-year-old children in Shanghai

目的·了解上海市3~5岁儿童牙酸蚀症的流行状况。方法·采用多阶段整群抽样方法,随机抽取上海市3~5岁儿童作为调查对象。临床检查采用O'Sullivan指数对抽样对象进行牙酸蚀症评估,主要包括牙酸蚀症累及的牙位、牙面及严重程度。采用描述性统计分析牙酸蚀症患病率以及好发牙位、牙面的分布情况。结果·调查随机抽取上海市3个区3~5岁儿童1148名,其中168名儿童患有牙酸蚀症,检出率为14.6%;男性患儿102名,检出率为17.3%,女性患儿66名,检出率为11.8%。男女比例为1:0.68,男性牙酸蚀症患病率高于女性(χ^2=6.972,P=0.008)。检出率最高的牙位为上颌第二乳磨牙(8.6%),检出率最低的为下颌乳侧切牙(1.7%)。仅累及面/切端的牙齿较常见(37.1%)。患有牙酸蚀症的牙齿多表现为釉面横纹消失(58.4%)。结论·上海市3~5岁儿童牙酸蚀症检出率相对较高,需加强牙酸蚀症预防的宣教。

Objective·To describe and analyze the epidemiological status of dental erosion in 3-to 5-year-old children in Shanghai.Methods·A cluster,multi-stage random sampling method was applied to 3-to 5-year-old children in Shanghai.Clinical oral examination was performed,and the status of dental erosion was evaluated by O'Sullivan index,including the involved tooth position,surface and severity.Descriptive analysis was applied for the prevalence of dental erosion and the distribution of tooth position and surface.Results·A total of 1148 children aged from 3 to 5 years old in Shanghai were randomly selected.Among them,168 children suffered from dental erosion,and the prevalence of dental erosion in the sample was 14.6%.A total of 102 males(17.3%)and 66 females(11.8%)showed the condition of dental erosion.The ratio of male and female was 1:0.68,and the prevalence of dental erosion in the male was significantly higher than that in the female(χ^2=6.972,P=0.008).The upper second deciduous molar in the dentition was most likely involved(8.6%)and the lower later incisor was least involved(1.7%).The surface of occlusal or incisal surface was more likely involved(37.1%).With regard to the severity of dental erosion,the loss of horizontal enamel was more common(58.4%).Conclusion·The prevalence of dental erosion in the 3-to 5-year-old children in Shanghai is relatively high and it is necessary to raise the awareness of dental erosion prevention.