诺如病毒的流行及进化概述

Introduction to epidemiology and evolution of Norovirus

诺如病毒(Norovirus,NoV)是继轮状病毒之后,引起人类急性肠胃炎群体性暴发的主要病原体,该病毒具有感染性强、变异快的特点。NoV可通过食物、水源和气溶胶等途径传播,粪-口途径是其主要传播方式,且该病毒随着生存环境的变化,通过自身的进化来不断适应新的环境和逃逸人体的免疫功能。现就NoV当前的流行状况和进化机制作一概述,对今后的预防和治疗工作具有重要的指导意义。

Norovirus(NoV)has become the main pathogen that can cause the pandemic outbreak for human acute gastroenteritis next to rotavirus,which is characterized by highly contagious and rapidly mutating properties.NoV can be transmitted through directed food and water sources as well as aerosols,with the faecal-oral route as its primary transmission mode.Frequent mutation and recombination of NoV results in emerging of new variants from time to time and some of them could be prevailing as immune-escape strains.It is of significance to understand the epidemic status and evolutionary mechanism of the current epidemic strains from NoV.This article focuses on the NoV epidemiology and evolution mechanism,and briefly introduces the current development in prevention and treatment of NoV infection.