日本国土规划的演进历程及其启示

Evolution of Territorial Planning inJapan and Its Implications

日本迄今已经编制实施了七轮全国国土规划。本文从规划的理念、目标、主要实现路径等角度出发,对长达近70年的日本国土规划的演进历程进行了梳理。可以发现,日本的国土规划在理念上经历了从追求“国土的均衡发展”到追求“各地方各具特色的发展”的转变;在中央与地方之间的主体关系上经历了从中央单方面制定规划、地方被动执行到尊重地方主体地位、与地方的协商被明确纳入编制程序的转变。从日本的经验中可以得到的启示包括:国土规划应回应社会的重大关切,应具有前瞻性视野和开放性视野,在编制过程中要重视发挥统筹协调作用,要注重发挥地方的自主能动性等。

Japan has already developed and implemented 7 rounds of territorial planning so far.Starting from aspects such as the concepts,objectives,and main realizing paths of the planning,this paper reviews the nearly 70-year evolution process of the territorial planning in Japan.The findings are:Japan’s national land panning,in terms of its concept,has undergone a change from pursuing“balanced(coordinated)development of national land”to pursuing“development with respective characteristics in various regions”;in terms of the relationship between central-local entities,it has undergone a change from a process in which the central government unilaterally develops plans and local governments passively implement it to the one that respects the status of local governments and explicitly integrates the consultation with local entities into the planning development process.The implications from Japanese experience include:the territorial planning should respond to significant concerns of the society,have a forward-looking perspective and an open vision,attach great importance to the function of overall coordination during the development process,pay attention to motivating the subjective initiative of local entities,etc.