2006～2015年德州市人间狂犬病流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of human rabies,Dezhou city,2006-2015

目的分析德州市狂犬病流行病学特征及相关危险因素,为狂犬病防控及消除工作提供策略。方法用描述流行病学方法对2006~2015年德州市狂犬病调查数据进行分析。结果2006~2015年德州市共报告狂犬病病例83例,年均发病率为0.15/10万,最高年度和最低年度间发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),总体发病水平呈现下降趋势(P<0.01)。7~11月为狂犬病高发月,占57.83%;发病人群以30~70岁成年人为主,占74.70%;男女性别比为2.61∶1;职业分布以农民为主,占84.34%;92.77%是被犬咬伤或抓伤,暴露部位主要为四肢,占73.49%;44.58%为Ⅲ度暴露;暴露后到医疗机构处理者仅占12.05%;81.93%病例未接种狂犬疫苗;接仅有1例注射狂犬病免疫球蛋白。结论农村仍然是狂犬病防控的重点地区,犬只管理薄弱及暴露后未经规范的伤口处理和免疫接种是发病的重要原因。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies and its risk factors,so as to provide the basis for developing strategies for the control and prevention and elimination of rabies in Dezhou city.Methods The epidemic data of rabies in Dezhou city during 2006-2015 was collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 83 rabies cases were reported in Dezhou city during 2006-2015.The average annual incidence was 0.15/10~5;There was significant difference between the years with the highest and lowest incidence(P<0.01),and the overall incidence level showed a downward trend(P<0.01).The rabies cases peaked in July-November,accounting for 57.83%.Cases(74.70%)concentrated in adults aged 30-70 years old;the sex ratio of male to female was 2.61:1;most of the patients were farmers(84.34%);92.77%of the cases were bitten or scratched by dogs.The main exposure sites was limbs,accounting for 73.49%;and 44.58%of cases were 3 rd degree exposure;only 12.05%of cases treated the wounds in medical institutions after exposure,81.93%were not immunized with vaccine,and only 1 case injected with anti-rabies immunoglobulin.Conclusion Rural areas remain the focus of rabies prevention and control.Weak dog management,unregulated wound management and no immunization after exposure are the main causes of the disease.