福建省村落武术的传承与发展——基于翔安区莲塘村落武术的田野调查与反思

Martial Arts in Fujian——Field Investigation and Reflection on Martial Arts in Liantang Village of Xiangan District

莲塘村落武术发展特色鲜明、民俗民风浓厚,是我国村落武术发展的典型代表之一.笔者通过参与式观察与深度访谈法对莲塘村落武术进行田野调查与实践,发现莲塘村通过村落武术的复兴、武术组织的成立、武术平台的搭建、武术进校园、武术天下行、武林大会等活动推动了村落武术的传承与发展.它的传承与发展主要有以下几个特点:充分发挥精英在村落武术发展中的核心作用、合理搭建村落武术展演展示的交流平台、深度挖掘村落武术组织的社会治理功能、科学布局村落武术的传承与发展脉络,但是仍存在政府政策引导与支持不够、社会与村落武术的互动冲突、村落武术组织内部治理不畅等问题,建议发挥政府在推动村落武术发展中的主导性,加强社会与村落武术教育的互动,提升村落武术组织的自治能力.

Martial arts in Liantang Village are featured by distinct characteristics and strong folk customs,which is one of the typical representatives of the development of village-based martial arts in China.Through participatory observation and in-depth interviews,the author conducts field investigation and practice of martial arts in Liantang Village.It is found that the village promotes the inheritance and development of martial arts through their revival,the establishment of relevant organization,the construction of martial arts platform,the introduction of martial arts to campus,the martial arts’world tour,and the martial arts competition.Their inheritance and development mainly enjoy the following characteristics:giving full play to the core role of elites in the development of village-based martial arts,reasonably building the communication platform for village-based martial arts performance,deeply excavating the social governance function of village-based martial arts organizations,and scientifically laying out the inheritance and development context of village-based martial arts.However,some problems arise as well,such as insufficient government policy guidance and support,interactive conflict between society and village-based martial arts,and poor internal governance of village-based martial arts organizations.It is suggested that the government should play a leading role in promoting the development of village-based martial arts,strengthen the interaction between society and village-based martial arts education,and enhance the autonomy of village-based martial arts organizations.