洪水危险性评价指标与等级划分研究综述

Review on flood hazard assessment index and grade classification

洪水危险性是反映洪水灾害程度的因素之一,洪水危险性评价和等级划分可以为洪水风险管理、应急避难和土地利用规划等提供重要依据。从国内外对洪水危险性的定义、洪水危险性评价与等级划分的研究概况以及针对人和区域的危险性评价指标分类和等级划分方法3方面进行了总结。其中,针对人的危险性评价主要分为洪水危险率、水深和流速组合曲线以及水深、淹没历时和洪水动能组成的多指标方法,针对区域则以洪水强度特征值和重现期矩阵为主划分危险等级。在此基础上从物理试验研究、规范和标准制定及应用方面提出了未来需要深入研究的方向。

Flood hazard is one of the factors which can reflect the degree of flood disasters.Assessment and grade classification of flood hazard will provide important reference for flood risk management,emergency evaluation and land use planning,etc.In this paper,the concept of flood hazard in different countries,research process of flood hazard assessment and grade classification,as well as indexes for assessment and grade classification methods on people and region are summarized.The flood hazard assessment index on people mainly incudes flood hazard rating,curve consisting of water depth and flow velocity,as well as multi-indexes combined by flood inundation depth,duration and kinetic energy.As to regions,matrix formed by flood intensity characteristics value and flood return period is the common grade classification method.On this basis,the probable direction of further research in future and some enlightenments on physical experiment study,regulation and standard establishment,as well as its application are put forward.