资产专用性、风险规避与农机户生产经营行为研究

Asset Specificity,Risk Aversion and Agricultural Machinery Households’ Production and Management

农业机械化是实现农业现代化和高质量发展的有效途径,农机资产的高度专用性和农机作业高风险特征,使得农机户农业生产经营行为具有其特殊性。利用江苏省三个县(区)农机户的调查数据,实证检验了资产专用性与农机保险这一风险规避方式对农机户生产经营行为的影响。研究结果表明,农机户资产专用性程度越高,沉淀成本越高,农机户对农机的依赖程度就越高。为了充分提高农机使用效率,农机户会倾向于更多地选择农地转入、提高对外农机作业服务和增加其他配套生产设施投入,以实现规模经营,降低单位面积生产成本。同时,由于农机保险降低了农机事故的预期风险,也会影响到农机户的生产经营行为。基于此,提出健全农地流转机制、稳步推行农机购置补贴与作业补贴政策、完善和提高政策性农机保险的政策补贴和赔付比例,以发挥农机保险支农和加快现代农业发展等政策建议。

Agricultural mechanization is an effective way to achieve agricultural modernization and high quality development.The high specificity of agricultural machinery assets and the high risk characteristics of agricultural machinery operations make agricultural production and management behavior of agricultural machinery households have their particularity.This paper uses survey data of agricultural machinery households in three counties of Jiangsu Province to empirically test the impact of asset specificity and agricultural machinery insurance on the production and management behavior of agricultural machinery households.The research results show that the higher the specificity of the assets of agricultural machinery households,the higher the sedimentation cost,and the higher the dependence of agricultural machinery households on agricultural machinery.In order to fully improve agricultural machinery efficiency,farmers will tend to choose more agricultural land transfer,increase foreign agricultural machinery operation services and increase investment in other supporting production facilities to achieve scale operation,thereby reducing production costs per unit area.At the same time,it will also affect the production and management behavior of agricultural machinery households,because agricultural machinery insurance reduces the expected risk of agricultural machinery accidents.Based on this,this paper proposes policy recommendations,including:improving the agricultural land transfer mechanism,steadily promoting agricultural machinery purchase subsidies and operation subsidy policies,and improving policy subsidies and compensation ratios for policy agricultural machinery insurance to achieve the goal of supporting agriculture and accelerating modern agricultural development.