企业孵化器孵化动机与治理机制的适配研究

Research on the Fitness between Motivation and Mechanism of Business Incubators

本文采用探索性嵌入式单案例研究方法,选取东北地区科技企业孵化器的标杆--大连创业工坊科技服务有限公司为研究对象,以其对8家代表性新创企业的成功孵化治理为分析单元,探讨企业孵化器对新创企业的孵化动机、治理机制及其适配关系。在具体研究中,首先,基于团队预期和项目预期两个维度解构了孵化器对新创企业的孵化动机,并识别出4种孵化定位:明星孵化企业、团队孵化企业、项目孵化企业和鸡肋孵化企业。进一步地,发现孵化器对新创企业的孵化动机与治理机制存在适配关系,即在"团队-项目"双元预期决定的不同孵化动机下,孵化器对新创企业采取差异化治理机制:明星孵化企业采取信任机制,团队孵化企业采取基于信任的契约机制,项目孵化企业采取基于契约的信任机制,鸡肋孵化企业采取契约机制。在不同的孵化动机下,孵化器合作风险水平和长期合作意愿是孵化器治理机制选择的主要考量。最终,本文提出了孵化器对新创企业"孵化动机-治理机制"的适配框架,为孵化器管理者针对性地高效孵化新创企业提供了实践指导。

This paper conducts the exploratory single case study with embedded units to identify the incubation motivation and governance mechanism of business incubators as well as the fitness between them. The case selected is Dalian Venture Workshop Technology Service Co. Ltd,which is a leader among all business incubators in northeast China. We first dissect the incubation motivation of business incubators based on entrepreneur anticipation and project anticipation,and identify the four incubated orientations: incubated stars,incubated entrepreneurs,incubated projects and incubated chicken ribs. Further,we find that there is a fitness relationship between the incubation motivation and governance mechanism for business incubators. To different incubation motivations based on"Entrepreneur-Project"dual anticipation,business incubators adopt distinguished mechanisms: trust mechanism for incubated stars,contract mechanism based on trust for incubated entrepreneurs,trust mechanism based on contract for incubated projects, and contract mechanism for incubated chicken ribs. The cooperation risk level and long-term cooperation willingness of business incubators are the main determinants of this fitness. This paper proposes a fitness framework on"Incubation motivation-governance mechanism"for business incubators,and provides practical suggestions for the managers of business incubators to incubate new ventures effectively.