冰川及雪线后退对河流水生生物影响的研究进展

Research progress on the effect of retreating glaciers and snow lines on river hydrobiology

冰川影响下的河流形成了独特的冷水生态系统,为水生生物提供了多样的栖息地。然而在全球气候变暖的背景下,冰川和积雪不断退缩、甚至加速消融,破坏了原有的水生生态系统。文章综述了国内外有关冰川积雪融水对河流水生生物及环境因子影响的研究现状,探讨了冰川流域水生生物研究存在的问题及未来相关的方向。冰川积雪融水对河流水生生物的群落结构及遗传多样性产生了不同程度的影响。同时某些水生生物在形态、生活史和行为适应能力等方面也产生了抵抗极端环境的进化。笔者提出应重点关注水生生物对冰川和积雪退化的响应机制与变化趋势,以期为冰川流域水生生物多样性及保护提供一定依据。

Rivers under the influence of glaciers form a unique cold-water ecosystem,providing a diverse habitat for aquatic organism.However,in the context of global warming,glaciers and snow cover are shrinking,or even accelerated melting,destroying the original aquatic ecosystem.This paper reviews the current research on the effects of glacial snowmelt on river aquatic organisms and environmental factors,and probes into the existing problems and future directions in the research on aquatic organisms in glacier basins.It was concluded that the community structure and genetic diversity of river aquatic organisms were affected by glacial snow melt.Conversely,some aquatic organisms evolved to resist extreme environments in terms of morphology,life history and behavioral adaptation.The response mechanism and change trend of aquatic organisms to glacier and snow cover degradation should be paid more attention,in order to provide some basis for aquatic biodiversity protection in glacier basin.