渭北矿区土壤侵蚀评估及驱动因素分析

Evaluation of soil erosion and driving factors analysis in Weibei mining area

陕西省渭北矿区地处黄土高原,受到自然环境和煤炭开采等人类活动的双重影响,该地区土壤侵蚀更为严重,生态环境更加脆弱。以渭北矿区为研究对象,基于RUSLE模型对渭北矿区土壤侵蚀进行了评估,并综合植被覆盖度、多年平均降水量、坡度、土地利用类型和煤炭年产量等影响因子,应用地理探测器方法对渭北矿区土壤侵蚀进行定量归因。研究结果对矿区水土流失防治具有一定参考价值。结果表明:(1)渭北矿区土壤侵蚀以微度和轻度侵蚀为主,土壤侵蚀严重的区域主要位于研究区西南部、中部和东南部。(2)植被覆盖度和多年平均降水量是造成研究区土壤侵蚀的主导因子,坡度介于20°~25°的地区、植被覆盖度小于0.3的区域和裸地是发生土壤侵蚀的高风险区。(3)渭北矿区各因子协同作用对土壤侵蚀的解释力均大于单因子解释力,因此多个因子共同作用会对土壤侵蚀造成显著影响。

The Weibei mining area in Shaanxi Province,China is located in the Loess Plateau.Affected by natural environment and human activities such as coal mining,soil erosion in this area is more serious and the ecological environment is more fragile.In this paper,the simulation of soil erosion and its quantitative attribution analysis have been conducted in the mining area based on the RUSLE model and the geographical detector method.The influencing factors,such as vegetation cover,perennial average precipitation,slope,land use type and annual coal output have been taken into consideration.The results of this study provided the advice on the soil and water conservation in mining areas.The results indicate as follows:(1) The intensity of soil erosion in general was mainly slight and mild in Weibei mining area.The soil erosion was severe in the central,southeastern and southwestern regions of the study area.(2) Vegetation coverage and perennial average precipitation are the dominant factors of soil erosion in Weibei mining area.Moreover,the conditions that are likely to induce soil erosion are: slopes between 20° and 25°,vegetation coverage less than 0.3 and bare lands.(3) The synergistic effect of the factors on soil erosion is greater than that of single factor.Therefore,the combined action of multiple factors have a significant impact on soil erosion in Weibei mining area.