磷脂酰丝氨酸对射击运动员心理应激适应能力及脑内神经递质激活水平的影响

EFFECTS OF PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE(PS) ON PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ADAPTABILITY AND THE LEVEL OF CENTRAL NEUROTRANSMITTER ACTIVATION IN SHOOTERS

目的观察口服不同剂量的磷酯酰丝氨酸(PS)对射击运动员赛前心理应激适应能力和脑内神经递质激活水平的影响。方法将18名手枪射击运动员,随机分为3组,每组6人,分别为空白组、PS-400组(400mg/d)和PS-800组(800mg/d),实验组受试者在比赛前连续服用PS 2w,空白组不使用任何营养品。营养干预前和干预后(2w后,比赛开始前),测试所有受试者的血清皮质醇、尿素氮、肌酸激酶值并进行心境状态量表(POMS量表)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI表)评分,同时采用脑电测试脑内神经递质激活水平,包括抑制介质(INH)、5羟-色胺(5-H T)、乙酰胆碱(ACh)、多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和兴奋介质(EXC)。结果18名受试者完成全部实验。2w后,三组受试者的皮质醇均显著升高,PS-800组的皮质醇绝对值和增量均显著低于空白组(P=0.025,P=0.016),PS-400组的皮质醇增量显著低于空白组(P=0.023)。与干预前相比,PS-800组在POMS量表中慌乱值评分显著降低(P=0.038),且干预后显著低于空白组与PS-400组(P=0.027,P=0.016)。两实验组受试者在PS补充2w后,睡眠质量分数均有下降。脑电测试显示,在全脑神经递质中,PS-800组的ACh和DA激活水平较干预前有显著升高(P=0.050,P=0.029),干预2w后与空白组相比,5-HT和DA水平均显著升高(P=0.049,P=0.019)。在各脑区方面,PS-800组的5-HT和DA激活水平在P4、T5、T6三个脑区均出现了显著升高(P<0.05),干预2w后在F4脑区的ACh,F7的ACh、DA,T5的DA激活水平均显著高于空白组(P<0.05),而在F3的INH和F7区的INH、NE激活水平显著低于空白组(P<0.05),兴奋性神经递质ACh和DA与抑制性神经递质INH和NE的激活呈现相反变化,脑电活动趋于同步化,更为协调。这种变化趋势在补充PS 400mg/的实验组中也被观察到,但与空白组的差异较小。结论补充PS 800mg/d能够降低射击运动员赛前血清皮质醇水平,在减轻压力、稳定慌乱情绪及改善睡眠质量方面发挥积极作用,并能够调节脑内中枢神经递质激活水平,从不同层面上提高运动员心理应激适应能力。

Objectives The purpose of this study was to observe effects of a short-term oral supplementation of PS on psychological stress adaptability and the level of central neurotransmitter activation in shooters.Methods Eighteen shooters including 9 males and 9 females participated in the study.They were randomly assigned into the three groups:1)those who with no supplement(n=6,CON);2)those who ingested PS at 400 mg/d(n=6,PS-400);3)those who ingested PS at 800 mg/d(n=6,PS-800).PS supplementation lasted for 2 weeks and was administered in a double-blinded fashion.Within a week prior to the supplementation,venous blood samples were taken for measuring serum levels of cortisol(C),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and creatine kinase(CK).Subjects also completed the Profile of Mood States(POMS)scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)questionnaire and undertook electroencephalogram that determined activation values of six neurotransmitters in brain.Subjects repeated the same testing protocols and all variables were measured again after 2 weeks of supplementation.Results No between-group differences in all variables were observed at the baseline prior to the start of supplementation.After supplementation,both C and C increase were lower(P=0.025,P=0.016,respectively)in PS-800 group than CON group,while C increase were lower(P=0.023)in PS-400 group.PS supplementation decreased panic score of POMS following both PS-400 and PS-800,with a greater decrease seen in PS-800(P=0.038).The panic score post-supplementation was lower in PS-800 than PS-400(P=0.016)or CON(P=0.027).Although results of PSQI indicated an improved sleep quality following supplementation in both PS-400 and PS-800,these improvements did not reach statistical significance and no differences in PSQI were seen across the three groups.5-HT and DA were higher(P=0.049,P=0.019,respectively)in PS-800 than CON,while no differences in 5-HT and DA were observed between PS-400 and CON and between PS-800 and PS-400.All neurotransmitters were increased by supplementation in PS-800,with ACH and DA reaching statistical significance(P=0.050,P=0.029,respectively).A synchronized trend of INH,5-HT,ACH,DA,NE,and EXC were observed in a few brain regions(P<0.05).Conclusion It appears that phosphatidylserine supplementation at 800 mg/d for 2 weeks can reduce stress hormones,modulate central neurotransmitters,and mitigate negative emotions,thereby alleviating stress levels among elite shooters.