摘要
Dear Editor,Tumors evade immune surveillances,in part via negative regulatory pathways(also called checkpoints)that also regulate immune toleranee to autoimmunity(Thommen et al.,2018).Checkpoint inhibitor therapy,i.e.,anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1,has been approved to be an effective therapeutic approach in a variety of cancers(Mariathasan et al.,2018).However,only a subset of cancer patients shows durable responses(Callahan et al.,2016),urging for a broader investigation beyond PD-1 and CTLA-4.
基金
This work was supported by grants from Beijing Municipal Science and Technology(Grant No.Z181100001318007 to CD)
National key research and development program of China(Grant No.2016YFC130390 to LN and Grant No.2018YFC0115905 to JL)and National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.81570679 to QY).
