牧区城镇化进程中的多元发展策略——基于东乌珠穆沁旗牧民家庭经济的人类学考察

Urbanization Development Strategies in Pastoral Areas——An Anthropological Research Case Study on Nomadic Family Economy in East Ujimqin Banner

东乌珠穆沁旗牧民家庭经济的田野调查表明,牧区城镇化呈现出国家视角下的生态移民、民间话语体系中的家庭经济以及牧业之外的自主发展等多元发展策略。在"被动发展"的政府实践基础上,牧民不断自觉建构起尊重地方文化和传统的"主动发展"策略,由外源式转向内发式发展。实现城镇化和牧区振兴应基于草原生态和地方文化根基,培育内生动能,关注在地群众的主动性和发展诉求,重视与自然环境及地方社会相协调的内发型发展。

Field research on nomadic families’ economy in East Ujimqin Banner indicates urbanization process in pastoral areas involves ecological migration, family economy as well as self-motivated alternative development methods apart from traditional livestock husbandry. Under the backdrop of government-dominated "passive development" model, nomads continued to pursue an "active development" model based on respecting local culture and tradition. The author further points out to fulfill urbanization and the prosperity of the pastoral area requires cultivation of people’s inner motivation based on pastureland ecology and local culture preservation, and paying attention to the endogenous development model integrating both natural environment and local societal situations.