汉代典客、大行更名考

Research on the Renaming from Tiěn-k’ò to Tà-hsíng in 144 BC

汉景帝中元六年(公元前144年)更改典客和大行官名。利用现存各种史料,可以确认典客和大行在更名前是并存的两官,这表明《史记》对此问题的记载属实。典客和大行在更名前应是统属关系。结合典客和大行各自官名的渊源与内涵以及更名发生的政治背景可知,"典客"这一官称因难以匹配当时王国在汉朝的政治定位而被废弃,"大行"则因具有礼书文献的依据和"尊天子"的政治寓意而胜出。同时,是次更名亦应视为文景时期朝臣要求汉廷约束诸侯以及完备天子之礼的产物。

This paper focuses on the event of renaming from tiěn-k’ò(典客)to tà-hsíng(大行)in 144 BC.The author uses the existing historical materials to confirm that as official titles tiěn-k’òand tà-hsíng were coexistent before the renaming,so the record on this issue in the RecordsoftheGrand Historian(《史记》)is credible.By reviewing the opinions of academic circles,this paper argues that there was a subordination relation between tà-hsíng and tiěn-k’òbefore the renaming.In light of the origins and connotations of the official titles of tiěn-k’òand tà-hsíng,as well as the political and ideological context during the Wenjing(文景)period,this paper argues that the official name of tiěn-k’òwas abandoned because it could not match the political positioning of vassal states after the Rebellion of Seven States(七国之乱)in 154 BC.So the purpose of the renaming was to use the classicality and political meaning of"tà-hsíng",which could evoke more reverence from the feudal princes for the emperor of Han.