牧民草场流转的收入效应分析

Analysis on the Income Effect of Herdsmen’s Grassland Circulation

草场流转是发挥市场机制有效配置草场资源的方式之一,对草原畜牧业的发展具有重要意义。本文以新疆和内蒙古的调研样本为例,从总收入、牧业收入、非牧收入剖析草场流转对牧民家庭收入的影响。研究表明,草场流转有助于提高牧民收入,转入草场对非牧收入的影响不显著,对牧业收入有显著正向影响;转出草场对非牧收入有显著正向影响,对牧业收入的影响不显著;相对低收入层级牧民,转入草场对高收入层级牧民牧业收入的作用更大,并可能扩大牧民贫富差距,而转出草场对此影响不显著。由此建议政府加强草场流转市场的规范化管理,强调流转效率的同时,不能盲目主导草场资源向大户、企业流转,仍需兼顾低收入牧民、避免贫富分化,落实牧区乡村振兴战略。

Grassland circulation is one of the ways to give full play to the market mechanism to allocate grassland resources effectively,which is of great significance to the development of grassland animal husbandry.Taking the research samples from Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia as an example,this paper analyzes the influence of grassland circulation on herdsmen’s household income from total income,animal husbandry income and non-pastoral income.The research shows that grassland circulation helps to increase the total income of herdsmen,the impact of rent-in grassland on non-pastoral income is not significant,and has a significant positive effect on animal husbandry income;Renting-out grassland has a significant positive impact on non-pastoral income,the impact on animal husbandry income is not significant;Relative to low-income levels of pastoralists,renting-in grasslands have a greater impact on the livestock income of pastoralists at the high-income level and may widen the gap between the rich and the poor of pastoralists,which is not significantly affected by renting-out grasslands.In order to promote the harmonious development of pastoral society,it is suggested that the Government should improve the construction of grassland circulation market with standard management and scientific guidance,highlight the efficiency of circulation,and not blindly emphasize the circulation of grassland resources to large households and enterprises,but still need to take into account low-income herdsmen,avoid the differentiation between rich and poor,and implement the strategy of rural revitalization of pastoral areas.