激光-电弧复合焊熔池图像采集及特征研究

Image Acquisition and Characteristic Study of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding Pool

以厚度14 mm的10Ni3CrMoV钢板为研究对象,对比分析了单MIG和激光-MIG复合焊接作用下的熔滴过渡行为和焊接稳定性,并考察了焊接工艺参数对焊接成型的影响。结果表明,小电流和大电流作用下焊缝剖面形状表现为上端半圆形、下端三角形特征,而激光-MIG复合焊焊缝剖面形状都呈现出Y形,焊接接头中都未见气孔、夹渣、裂纹、未焊透和未熔合等缺陷存在;相同激光-电弧间距条件下,大激光功率小电流和大激光功率大电流作用下的熔深和熔宽都要比小激光功率小电流的大,且大激光功率小电流和大激光功率大电流作用下的熔深和熔宽随着激光-电弧间距的变化并没有呈现线性变化特征,小激光功率对熔深和熔宽的影响明显低于大激光功率。激光-MIG复合焊条件下,大激光功率小电流(11 KW,260 A)、大激光功率大电流(11 KW,420 A)和小激光功率小电流(7 KW,260 A)作用下适宜的激光与电弧间距分别为1.5~4.5 mm、3~4.5 mm和1.5~3 mm,在这个范围内焊接过程稳定,不会出现熔滴飞溅现象,熔滴过渡形式都为单一射流过渡。

The droplet transfer behavior and welding stability of 10 Ni3 CrMoV steel plate with 14 mm thickness under single MIG and laser-MIG combined welding were compared and analyzed, and the profile morphology of welded joint was observed. The results show that under the action of low current and high current, the shape of weld profile is semi-circular at the upper end and triangular at the lower end, while the shape of laser-MIG composite weld profile is Y-shaped;there are no defects such as porosity, slag inclusion, cracks, incomplete penetration and incomplete fusion in the welded joint under the same laser-arc spacing. The penetration depth and penetration width under the action of large laser power, small current and large laser power are larger than those under the action of small laser power and small current. Moreover, the penetration depth and penetration width under the action of large laser power, small current and large laser power and large current do not show a linear change with the change of laser-arc spacing. And the influence of melting width is obviously lower than that of large laser power. Under the condition of laser-MIG hybrid welding, the suitable spacing between laser and arc is 1.5~4.5 mm, 3~4.5 mm and 1.5~3 mm respectively under the action of high laser power and small current(11 KW, 260 A), high laser power and large current(11 KW, 420 A) and low laser power and small current(7 KW, 260 A). In this range, the welding process is stable without droplet flying sputtering phenomenon, droplet transition form is a single jet transition.