早产儿支气管肺发育不良的发病机制研究进展

Advances in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)是早产儿、低出生体重儿最常见的慢性呼吸系统疾病,以肺泡和肺血管发育不良为主要特征。该文针对BPD的发病相关因素进行综述,为BPD的发病机制研究及其防治提供新思路。其中,肺发育不成熟、急性肺损伤、损伤后的异常修复是引起BPD的关键环节,其他影响因素包括氧中毒、气压伤、感染、营养支持缺失、动脉导管未闭、输血、胃食管反流、肺间质水肿、凝血功能异常、胆汁淤积等。

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is the most common chronic respiratory disease in premature and low birth weight infants,characterized by alveolar and pulmonary vascular dysplasia.This article reviews the factors related to the pathogenesis of BPD,with the aim of providing new ideas for the research of pathogenesis of BPD and its prevention and treatment.Among them,immature lung development,acute lung injury,and abnormal repair after injury are the key links of BPD.Other influencing factors include oxygen poisoning,barotrauma,infection,lack of nutritional support,patent ductus arteriosus,blood transfusion,gastroesophageal reflux,pulmonary interstitial edema,abnormal coagulation function,cholestasis and so on.