上颌前牙区即刻种植术后患者牙槽骨丰隆度与牙龈形态恢复的情况分析

Analysis of Alveolar Bone Augmentation and Gingival Morphology Recovery after Immediate Implantation in Anterior Region of Maxilla

目的:探讨上颌前牙区即刻种植术后患者牙槽骨丰隆度、牙龈形态恢复的情况,为上颌前牙的修复提供参考。方法:选取外伤引起上颌前牙区缺损行即刻种植(即刻种植组)的30例患者,以同期行延期种植(延期种植组)的30例患者为对照,分别行即刻种植及延期种植,观察患者种植体成功情况,永久修复后6个月和1年时牙槽骨吸收量、牙龈乳头充盈指数(PIS)及红色美学指数(PES)。结果:两组患者均种植体成功,成功率为100.00%。修复后6个月时即刻种植组骨吸收量为(0.67±0.05)mm低于延期种植组(1.10±0.07)mm,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),修复后1年时两组骨吸收量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);即刻种植组患者修复6个月和1年时的PIS均优于延期种植组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);即刻种植组患者修复6个月和1年时的PES评分分别为(9.84±0.16)分、(10.05±0.28)分,均高于延期种植组(8.61±0.11)分、(9.51±0.23)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:上颌前牙区缺损患者行即刻种植修复可明显改善患者的PIS,有助于减少早期的骨吸收,美容效果也优于延期种植,患者牙槽骨丰隆度、牙龈形态恢复整体状态优于延期种植。

Objective To investigate the alveolar bone augmentation and gingival morphology recovery after immediate implantation in anterior region of maxilla,it provides a reference for the restoration of maxillary anterior teeth.Methods To selected 30 cases patients with immediate implantation(immediate implantation group)and 30 cases patients with deferred planting(deferred planting group)of maxillary anterior teeth defect caused by trauma,to conducted Immediate planting and delayed planting,to observed the success of the implant,and the alveolar bone absorption,gingival papillary filling index(PIS)and red aesthetic index(PES)at 6 months and 1 year after permanent restoration.Results Implants were successfully implanted in both groups,the success rate of 100.00%.The bone absorption were(0.67±0.05)mm of the immediate implantation group in 6 months after repair,(1.10±0.07)mm of the deferred planting group in 6 months after repair,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),there was no significant difference in bone absorption between the two groups in 1 year after repair(P>0.05).PES grading were(1.30±0.07)points and(10.05±0.28)points of the immediate implantation group in 6 months and 1 year after repair,(8.61±0.11)points and(9.51±0.23)points of the immediate implantation group in 6 months and 1 year after repair,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Immediate implantation repair can significantly improve PIS in patients of anterior region of maxilla,it helps to reduce bone resorption in the near term,and the cosmetic effect is also better than delayed implantation,the alveolar bone augmentation and gingival morphology of the patients were improved.