沙夫茨伯里道德情感主义思想探析

An Analysis of Shaftesbury’s Moral Sentimentalism

17、18世纪的欧洲,在文艺复兴和启蒙运动的影响下,伦理学的研究开始回归到人本身,以理性为指导,从人性出发探索道德的本质。沙夫茨伯里受各种思想的影响,站在自然神论者的立场上,对宗教激情进行了批判,在基督教神学的框架下形成了道德情感主义的思想,认为情感是人类行为的动机,社会性根植于人类的天然本性,因此社会情感是人类的自然情感,并且提出了道德感的理论,调和指向公众利益的自然情感和指向个人利益的自利情感,由此构成内在的比例、协调与平衡。沙夫茨伯里是英国道德情感主义的开创者,实现了近代西方伦理学的情感转向,对其思想进行探析,有利于梳理情感主义伦理思想的起源与发展脉络。

In the 17 th and 18 th centuries of Europe, under the influence of the Renaissance and the enlightenment, the study of ethics began to return to human beings, guided by reason, and explored the essence of morality from the perspective of human nature.Shaftesbury influenced by all kinds of ideas,standing on the position of the deist and critique of religion, in the framework of Christian theology formed the thought of moral sentimentalism, think the affection is the motivation of human behavior, social is rooted in the human natural, so the social affection ishuman’s nature affection, and advanced the theory of moral sense, and point to the natural affection of public interest and point to the interests of the individual from affection, which constitute the proportion of the inner, coordination and balance.Most scholars agree that Shaftesbury is the pioneer of British moral sentimentalism, realizing the emotional turn of ethics in modern times, and analyzing his thoughts is conducive to sorting out the origin and development of ethical thoughts of sentimentalism.