我国3～6岁幼儿人格发展现状及教育建议

Investigation and Educational Suggestions on the Personality Development Status of 3～6-Year Old Children in China

本研究采用自编的《幼儿人格发展教师评定问卷(3~6岁)》对我国15个省54所幼儿园共计10409名3~6岁幼儿的人格发展现状进行评定,结果显示我国幼儿人格发展总体水平随年级增加呈上升趋势,人格五维度平均得分随年级增加而升高;小班低控型幼儿所占比例高于中、大班,中班过度控制型幼儿占优势,大班适应型幼儿有所增加;男生女生在人格不同维度上存在显著差异,男生人格发展水平低于女生;总体来看,我国幼儿在智能特征、认真自控、外倾性、亲社会性四个人格维度上的发展水平都不高,存在创新能力不强、诚实程度尚需提高、社会性发展较弱、低控型人格比例较高等亟待解决的问题。我国学前教育界应提高对幼儿人格发展的重视,在遵循幼儿人格发展特点的基础上,通过提高教师人格培养意识、改善家庭育儿理念、优化社会环境等途径来提高幼儿人格发展水平。

In this study,teachers used the“Children’s Personality Development Teacher Assessment Questionnaire(3~6 years old)”to evaluate the personality development status of 10,409 children aged 3~6 years in 54 kindergartens from 15 provinces of China.The results show that:The four dimensions in Children’s personality which are agreement,intellectual,conscientiousness and moderate extraversion have a moderately low development level.And the children’s personality has some protruding problems,such as,lack of innovation ability,low proportion of honesty,weak in sociality,undercontrolled personality type has more proportion than except.Secondly,the level of early childhood development in China is rising with the increase of grades.As for the type of personality,the proportion of undercontrolled personality type in junior kindergarten is more than the other two grades,the overcontrolled personality type is dominant in middle kindergarten,and the majority personality is the developing type in senior kindergarten.Last but not the least,there are some significant differences in the dimensions of personality between boys and girl.Girls have a higher development level than boys,which should be paid attention to in preschool education field.Personality of children could rise up by some effective means,such as,aware of the characteristic about children’s personality development,improving teachers’personality training consciousness,improving family parenting concepts,optimizing social environment and so on.