域外国家特定关系人性侵害未成年人的刑法规制——兼论我国未成年人性权利的刑法立法保护

Regulations of Criminal Law on Sex Assault to Minors of Certain Affiliated Persons in Extra-regional Nations: On the Legislative Protection of Criminal Law on the Sexual Right of Minors in China

域外国家强化特定关系人性侵害未成年人的刑法规制。立法模式主要有单独成罪、作为相关罪的一款和作为加重处罚情节进行规定;特定关系人规制范围主要包括对未成年人负有监护、教育、训练等特殊职责的人,一定亲等数的尊亲属、姻亲属以及具有监管义务的机构工作人员;保护对象一般都高于性同意年龄人,有的国家没有保护对象的年龄限制。刑罚规定上,无论是单独适用刑罚,还是比照非特定关系人实施的性犯罪加重处罚,都体现了加重处罚特定关系人性侵害未成年人的理念。基于最大化保护未成年人性权利免受不法侵害的理念,我国应将特定关系人性侵害未成年人纳入刑法专门规制。在立法模式上,性侵犯型强奸和猥亵犯罪单独成罪,与未成年人有关的卖淫和色情制品犯罪中作为加重处罚情节规定。特定关系人的刑法规制范围,至少应包括与未成年人具有三代以内血亲的尊亲属和对未成年人负有监护、教育、训练等特殊职责的人;在保护对象上,未满18周岁的未成年人都应纳入保护范围;在刑罚设置上,总体上应体现加重处罚特定关系人性侵害未成年人的原则。

Regulations of Criminal Law in extra-regional nations emphasize on the sex assault to minors.Regulations set three legislative patterns which are individual crime,related crime and severer penalty.The certain affiliated persons mainly include persons with special responsibilities who always guard,educate and train the minors,relatives,relatives in law and staffs from the organizations with the guarding duty.The age of protected person is always older than the age of sexual consent,and there is no limitation of protected persons in some countries.According to the Criminal Law,both the separate penalty and the severer penalty of certain affiliated persons reflect the idea of aggravating the penalty to the certain affiliated persons.The sex assault to minors of certain affiliated persons has been written into the regulation of Criminal Law in order to protect the sexual rights of minors to the max.According to the law,rape,molestation,prostitution and pornography related to minors would be given severer penalty.Based on the Criminal Law related to certain affiliated persons,the relatives within three generations and persons who are in charge with guarding,educating,and training the minors should be included into the certain affiliated persons.In terms of the protected persons,the minors under the age of 18 should be included into the protecting scope;in terms of the setting of penalty,the principle of the severer penalty to certain affiliated persons should be reflected.