小学科学化学实验教学中的注意分散研究

Attention Dispersion in Chemistry Experiment Teaching in Primary School Science

小学科学中的化学实验是学生获取科学认识的重要方式。经观察研究发现,小学化学实验教学中存在明显的注意分散现象。实验教学过程中的注意分散问题会影响学生科学探究能力的培养,阻碍学生科学知识的获取和科学概念的形成。通过观察小学科学的课堂以及分析小学科学2012-2018年的优质课视频,根据课堂中注意分散的不同现象,划分了注意分散的类型;结合教育目标分类学、认知负荷理论及注意资源限制理论,剖析了小学化学实验教学中注意分散的原因,提出解决小学化学实验教学中注意分散问题的对策。

Chemical experiment in primary school science is an important way for students to acquire scientific knowledge. Through the observation and research, it is found that there is an obvious phenomenon of attention dispersion in primary chemistry experiment teaching. The attention dispersion in the process of experimental teaching will affect the cultivation of students’ scientific inquiry ability, hinder the acquisition of students’ scientific knowledge and the formation of scientific concepts. By observing the class of primary school science and analyzing the video of high-quality class of primary school science from 2012 to 2018, the types of attention dispersion are classified according to the different phenomena of attention dispersion in class. Combined with education target taxonomy, cognitive load theory and attention resource limitation theory, this paper analyzes the reasons of attention dispersion in primary school chemistry experiment teaching, and puts forward countermeasures to solve the problems of attention dispersion in primary school chemistry experiment teaching.