新中国70年特殊教育政策法规发展:保障与督导

The Development of Special Education Policies and Regulations in New China for 70 Years: Protection and Supervision

依法治教是我国特殊教育事业的发展方向,是保障特殊教育事业顺利发展的重要途径。新中国70年特殊教育政策法规发展进程可以划分为三个阶段:逐步探索阶段(1949-1977年)、快速发展阶段(1978-2001年)和深化拓展阶段(2002-至今),其发展成就主要体现在政策法规的理念、立法体系和内容方面。我国特殊教育政策法规发展存在立法层次较低、执行强制力不足、缺乏独立特殊教育督导机构等问题。应进一步完善特殊教育法制保障;统一特殊教育对象名称术语,细化并扩大特殊教育政策法规所涵盖的对象范围;建立健全特殊教育督导体系,推进特殊教育法制化建设。

Managing education by law is the development direction of China’s special education and an important way to ensure the smooth development of special education. Through sorting out the special education policies and regulations of the New China in the past 70 years, the achievements of its development can be divided into three stages: the stage of gradual exploration(1949-1977), the stage of rapid development(1978-2001) and the stage of deepening and expanding(2002-present). Its development achievements are mainly embodied in the concept, legislative system and content of the policies and regulations. It is found that the problems faced by the development of special education policies and regulations in China include: low level of special education legislation and insufficient enforcement;inconsistent naming and insufficient coverage of categories;lack of independent special education supervision institutions, and imperfect supervision standards according to law. Based on this, this paper puts forward the development trend of special education policies and regulations in New China: formulating the Law on Special Education, perfecting the legal protection of special education;unifying the terms of special education objects, refining and expanding the scope of objects covered by special education policies and regulations;establishing and improving the supervision system of special education, and promoting the legalization of special education supervision standards.