中国城市控烟法规研究(2006-2019)

Tobacco control regulations in cities of China, 2006-2019

目的 探讨和分析中国城市控烟立法规律,为下一步国家和地方控烟立法工作提供科学依据。方法 以2006年1月世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》在我国生效后到2019年8月期间,新出台或修订的城市地方性控烟法规与地方政府控烟规章作为研究对象。逐条梳理地方法律规范的文本内容,讨论地方立法的立法主体、颁布时间、基本特点和主要内容,最后归纳整理、分析。结果 所研究的22个城市立法控烟,保护了15%以上的中国人口。其中11个城市立法公共场所全面无烟。法规对禁止吸烟的场所经营者或管理者职责和义务具体明确。城市控烟执法管理体系形成并不断完善。处罚程序、倡导性条款和执法配套设施逐步完善。结论 立或(修)一部全面无烟法规是控烟法规能够有效实施的基础。法规应明确各部门、各行业、单位的职责;简化执法处罚程序,合理设定违法吸烟罚款金额;对禁烟场所的要求具体化。立法(修法)需要与时俱进,体现新的科学证据的结果。

Objective We investigated tobacco control legislation in Chinese cities,and provided a scientific basis for next steps.Methods Local tobacco control regulations and local government tobacco control regulations in relatively large cities had been retrieved and systematically reviewed between January 2006,when the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)was enforced in China,and December 2018.The texts of local laws and regulations were tracked,compared,and analyzed in terms of the legislative subjects,time of enactment,basic characteristics,and main contents.Results 22 cities have legislation to control tobacco and protect more than 15%of the population in China.Among them,11 cities have comprehensive smoke-free regulations in public places.The duties and obligations of the operators or managers of places where smoking is prohibited were specified.The city's tobacco control law enforcement management system has been formed and continuously improved.Punishment procedures,advocacy clauses,and law enforcement facilities are gradually improved.Conclusions Enacting or revising a“good law on tobacco control”in accordance with the requirements of the FCTC is the basis for effective implementation of tobacco control regulations.Regulations should clearly require smoke-free in all indoor public places,indoor workplaces,and public transportation;clarify the responsibilities of various departments,industries,and units;simplify the procedures for law enforcement and punishment;and reasonably set the amount of fines on illegal smoking.The regulations should specifically address the requirements of smoking-free places.In the process of enactment and amendments,it is necessary to reflect new scientific evidence and respond to new phenomena.