北京市15岁及以上人群吸烟危害认知变化分析

Analysis on the awareness of tobacco-related health risks among Beijing residents aged 15 and elder

目的 评价实施《北京市控制吸烟条例》以来,北京市≥15岁人群对吸烟危害认知的变化情况。方法数据源于2014年和2016年北京市成人烟草调查。两次调查均采用多阶段整群概率抽样法,样本覆盖北京市16区。以面对面询问的方式使用电子化问卷收集相关数据。2014年和2016年分别获得100个监测点的有效个人问卷8 484份和9 372份。用SPSS 20. 0统计软件和R 3. 4. 4软件对样本进行复杂抽样加权后,估计≥15岁人群对吸烟危害的知晓率及95%可信区间,并进行χ2检验。结果 北京市≥15岁人群对吸烟导致肺癌、心肌梗死、中风和阴茎勃起障碍的综合知晓率由2014年的27. 4%上升到2016年的30. 3%(P=0. 010)。认同低焦油等于低危害的比例由34. 8%下降到23. 6%(P<0. 001)。结论 《北京市控制吸烟条例》的实施对公众了解吸烟危害起到了促进作用。

Objective To investigate the change in public awareness of tobacco-related health risks among Beijing residents aged 15 and elder,as well as evaluate the effectiveness of the 2015 Beijing Smoking Control Regulation.Methods Data were from 2014 and 2016 Beijing Adult Tobacco Survey.Each of both parallel surveys involved 16 districts in Beijing municipal area,and utilized the method of multistage cluster sampling with probability proportional to population size;data were collected during home visits with face-to-face survey questionnaire installed on electronic devices.8484 and 9372 valid questionnaires were gathered for 2014 and 2016 survey,respectively.We used statistical packages SPSS 20.0 and R 3.4.4 during the analysis:after weighting the samples using complex survey designs,we estimated the proportion,knowing the health consequences of tobacco smoking,and their 95%confidence intervals.Chi-square tests were performed for comparison.Results The percentage of knowing that smoking caused lung cancer,heart attack,stroke and erectile dysfunction increased from 27.4%in 2014 to 30.3%in 2016(P=0.010).The percentage of believing that low tar cigarettes had low risks decreased from 34.8%to 23.6%(P<0.001).Conclusion The 2015 Regulation was effective in improving public knowledge of tobaccorelated health risks.