关于大学课程建设与改革的理论探讨——基于中国大学“金课”建设的反思

Theoretical Thinking on the Construction and Reform of University Curriculum

大学课程建设是高等教育内涵建设的核心,直接决定着高等教育人才培养质量的高低。“打造‘金课’,淘汰‘水课’”已成为当前中国大学课程与教学改革的热点问题。由于课程设置不够科学合理,教师教学不符合教育教学规律,学生学习积极性、主动性不强等多方面原因导致了“水课”的产生。“金课”是指符合教育教学规律、能较好地完成课程教学目标的课,具有多类型、多形式、多层次的基本特征。建设“金课”、淘汰“水课”,要注重加强制度建设,破除“五唯”,切实扭转“重科研,轻教学”的倾向;要加强组织建设,为教师专业发展提供良好的平台;加强教学评价的研究,建立健全科学、有效、系统的教学评价与考核机制;要注重研究大学生学习与发展的规律,从注重教师之教转到关注学生之学。

University curriculum construction is the core of the connotation construction of higher education,which directly determines the quality of talent cultivation of higher education.Creating Golden Courses and eliminating Watery Courses has become a hot issue of college curriculum and teaching reform in China.Watery Courses are undergraduate courses which are not helpful to optimize teaching objectives and promote the comprehensive development of students.All the classes with unclear teaching objectives,inadequate teaching preparation,outdated teaching content,rigid teaching methods,dull teaching process,little interaction between teachers and students,and poor teaching effect are“Watery Courses”.There are various factors accounting for the appearance of“Watery Courses”,such as the unscientific and unreasonable curriculum provision,teachers’not conforming to the rules in education,students’depressed learning initiative and so on.People generally pay attention to the Watery Courses at the teacher level and ignore the Watery Courses at both the professional level and the student level.With the characteristics of Intelligence,multi-order,challenging,research,innovation,openness,pluralism,and development,Golden Courses refer to those with clear teaching objectives,sufficient teaching preparation,cutting-edge teaching content,flexible teaching methods,effective teaching process,interactive discussion between teacher and students as well as the integration of knowledge,ability and accomplishment,whose basic requirement is to cultivate students with morality and all-round development.It is regarded as its core characteristics to cultivate students with good critical thinking and sound personality.With the characteristics of multiple types,forms and levels,Golden Courses shouldn’t be handled with simplification,modeling,standardization and unification.Aiming at adapting to and promoting the development of college students,curriculum construction is an organic and dynamic systematic comprehensive process consisting of curriculum objectives,curriculum design,curriculum implementation,curriculum evaluation and curriculum management.In order to construct Golden Courses and eliminate Watery Courses,first of all,it is advisable to optimize the professional curriculum system and improve the scientific nature of talent training program.What’s more,it is suggested to strengthen the system construction,break the five-only principle,and effectively reverse the tendency of focusing only on the scientific research and the less attention to teaching to facilitate the majority of teachers to be willing,happy and excellent at teaching.Furthermore,it is desirable to strengthen the organization construction,give full play to the functions of the teacher development center to study,guide and evaluate,do well in education training,theoretical improvement and teaching research to provide a good platform for the faculty professional development,reconstruct the grassroots teaching and research office to make it become the development community of learning-studying-developing for all teachers,with which the teaching grassroots organization culture integrated of the favorable teaching culture,research culture and teacher development culture becomes accessible.In addition to that,it is necessary to strengthen the research of teaching evaluation,study the evaluation standards of Golden Courses and Watery Courses of various types of courses,and establish and perfect the scientific,effective and systematic teaching evaluation and evaluation mechanism.Last but not least,it is imperative to study the law of college students'learning and development to foster a smooth transition from teacher-centeredness to student-centeredness with the purpose of enabling students to give full play to their initiatives,gradually stimulating their own strong motivation in learning process,helping them set up the ambition of aspiring to success for our country,forming a good learning habits,having a good mastery of the effective and systematic learning methods,enhancing the enthusiasm,initiative and creativity of learning,and cultivating a good ability of lifelong learning.Curriculum construction is a long-term systematic project that embodies the concept of students’development-centeredness and the whole process of cultivation.