谁接受了博士教育:家庭背景对博士教育机会获得的影响

Who Receive Doctoral Education: The Impact of Family Background on the Access to Doctoral Education

“谁获得了教育”意味着“谁将会走在最前面”。博士是国家高级人才,越来越多的硕士生毕业后继续接受博士教育以获得竞争优势。通过对2017年全国学术型硕士毕业生的调查数据进行实证研究发现:在2017年调查的硕士毕业生中,19.31%选择继续攻读博士学位,4.5%选择出国留学,两者均以“双一流”建设高校学生居多;在博士教育阶段,家庭背景仍然对教育机会获得具有显著正向影响,且院校类型、专业分布为重要中介变量;相对于在国内读博,家庭背景越好的硕士毕业生越倾向于在海外接受博士教育。

With the continuous expansion of China's higher education scale,the devaluation of undergraduate diploma and the improvement of economic growth on the quality of talents,it is increasingly important for individuals to receive postgraduate education.Nowadays,in the era of globalization,doctoral graduates have become the senior strategic talents that the country needs to cultivate vigorously.More and more graduate students choose to continue to receive doctoral education to gain competitive advantage.So who received the doctoral education?As the focus of education equity,what is the role does family background play in the attainment of eudcation oppotunity?What is the impact of family background on individual's choice of location(domestic or overseas)?Where are the excellent master students going?The answers to these questions have important academic theoretical value and practical significance.At present,more and more scholars turn the focus of the research on educational equity to graduate education.Although a large number of scholars have discussed the issue of access to educational opportunities on the basis of family background,the research on doctoral education stage is particularly inadequate,and there is no consensus on the issue of education equity in the graduate stage,and empirical research is relatively lacking.Therefore,this paper attempts to answer the following questions with empirical analysis from the perspective of family background:(1)Does family background have an impact on individuals'continuing doctoral education?If there is an impact,what is the impact mechanism?(2)What is the impact of family background on the decision-making of individual's choice to study at home or abroad?Are China's excellent masters flowing out?The influence of family background on the development of individual education has been proved many times,according to“maximally maintained and inequality”(MMI)and“effectively maintained and inequality”(EMI).Five hypotheses were proposed:H1:Graduates with better family background are more likely to study for Ph.D.;H2:After controlling the types of institutions,the direct impact of family background on the master's degree will be reduced or even disappear;H3:After controlling the distribution of majors,the direct impact of family background on the master's degree will be reduced or even disappear;H4:Graduates with better academic performance are more likely to pursue a doctorate after graduation;H5:Graduates with better family background are more likely to study abroad rather than at home.The research data of this paper come from the“graduate training quality feedback and follow-up survey”project commissioned by the Ministry of Education of China in 2017,which is mainly aimed at the 2017 academic master’s graduates in 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China,including 72 universities including double first-class construction universities,and a total of 25763 valid questionnaires for academic postgraduate are recovered.By using the method of Mlogit model and intermediary effect test,it is found that 19.31%of the academic graduates surveyed in 2017 chose to continue to study for doctor’s degree,and 4.5%chose to study abroad,both of which are mostly students of double first-class construction universities.At the stage of doctoral education,family background still has a significant positive impact on the access to educational opportunities,and the types of institutions and professional distribution are important intermediary variables.In general,academic performance and family background play important role in individual access to doctoral education.Compared with those who study at home,the better their family background is,the more likely they are to receive doctoral education abroad.That is to say,the role of family background is still strong in the acquisition of overseas education resources.