知识生产模式转型背景下的一流学科建设研究

Study on the Construction of First-class Disciplines in the Context of the Transition of Knowledge Production Mode

知识经济的迅猛发展推动了知识生产模式的转型,给传统的主要知识生产者——大学带来了巨大的挑战。而作为大学基本的知识生产单位的学科,在知识生产中所发挥的作用是不容小觑的。深入探究我国“双一流”建设进程中知识生产模式的转型对一流学科建设所产生的影响,及知识生产模式转型给我国一流学科建设带来的机遇与挑战,可为我国高校的一流学科建设提供策略和思路,即应从一流学科建设主体的多元化、客体的多维度和载体的多样性等方面,探讨如何在一流学科建设中把三种知识生产方式恰当地结合起来,促进一流学科建设,从而推动“双一流”建设。

In today’s society,the knowledge production system is undergoing profound changes.The knowledge production mode increasingly presents new characteristics and new trends.In addition to the traditional disciplinebased knowledge production mode I,it also produces problem-oriented knowledge production mode II and mode III with knowledge cluster as the core.Due to the timely grasping the new social demand and new knowledge production mode,effectively aiming at general industry technology,discipline clusters jointing industrial clusters,discipline chain connecting industry chain,and successfully combining the discipline development and the market application,Worldclass universities abroad(such as MIT,Stanford University and the University of Berlin,etc.)are able to achieve leapfrog development,and rank among the top universities.As the basic knowledge production unit of the university,the discipline plays an extremely important role in knowledge production.It is the"workshop"in which universities produce various knowledge and products.Therefore,all parties attach great importance to discipline construction,especially the first-class discipline construction.The transition of the knowledge production mode has had a profound impact on the construction of first-class disciplines.It is specifically reflected in the three main aspects such as the subjects of construction(who will build),the objects of construction(what is built),and the carriers of construction(how to build).Due to the multiple transitions in the application context,interdisciplinary,and non-linear aspects of the knowledge production mode,a series of changes in the construction of first-class disciplines have been triggered.The transition of knowledge production mode brings not only challenges,but also opportunities to the construction of world-class disciplines in China.In terms of challenges,firstly,the transition of knowledge production mode brings the challenge to the one-sided emphasis on ranking in the current first-class discipline construction in China.Secondly,the transition of knowledge production mode challenges the investment mode of first-class discipline construction.Finally,the transition of knowledge production mode brings challenges to the simplified and one-sided evaluation mode of first-class discipline construction.In terms of opportunities,first of all,the transition of knowledge production mode promotes the innovation of first-class discipline construction concept.Secondly,the transition of knowledge production mode promotes the innovation of the organization forms of first-class discipline construction.Finally,the transition of knowledge production mode promotes the innovation of the evaluation method of first-class discipline construction.Being different from the evolution law of knowledge production mode in western countries,the knowledge production mode of Chinese universities is mainly influenced by national policies and plans rather than endogenous results.There is no obvious relationship between inheritance and transcendence among the three knowledge production modes.Therefore,the first-class discipline construction should combine the three knowledge production modes,respect the diversity of first-class discipline development,and achieve the late-comer advantages to become the world-class discipline.Specifically,the construction of first-class discipline should be improved by the diversity of the subjects,the multi-dimension of the objects and the diversity of the carrier.In brief,the first-class discipline construction in our country should actively comply with the transition of knowledge production mode,and properly combine the three knowledge production modes in the construction process,properly combine the development of the discipline with the needs of the country and society,and conform to the trend of world higher education development.Thus advance the construction of first-class disciplines and promote the double first-class construction.