从政府主导到自我评鉴:台湾地区高等教育评鉴新进展

From Government Leading to Self-Assessment:New Development of Higher Education Evaluation in Taiwan

台湾地区从20世纪70年代开始实施高等教育评鉴工作,成立了负责办理评鉴工作的社团法人“台湾评鉴协会”和财团法人“高等教育评鉴中心”,先后办理了学科评鉴、校务评鉴、系所评鉴、自我评鉴以及自办品质保证,颁布了相关大学评鉴法律法规。台湾地区高等教育自我评鉴也从萌芽期走向成熟期,在发展过程中呈现出评鉴主体的自主性、评鉴法规的完整性、评鉴方式的独特性、评估指标的灵活性与评鉴结果的可持续性等特征。台湾地区现已逐步形成以自我评鉴为主,以外部评鉴为辅的一种自我约束、自我问责、自我完善、自我发展的质量治理机制,其建立健全教育评估法律法规体系、推动高校建立自我评估机制、合理使用评估结果等做法富有启示,值得借鉴。

Taiwan began to implement higher education assessment in the 1970s,and established the Taiwan Appraisal Association and the Higher Education Evaluation Center of the Corporate Legal Person,which are responsible for handling the evaluation.They have successively handled the school evaluation,school affairs evaluation,department evaluation,self-evaluation and self-management quality assurance,and promulgated relevant laws and regulations on university evaluation.The self-assessment of Taiwan's higher education has also developed from the germination period to the maturity stage.In the process of development,it presents the characteristics of the independence of the evaluation subject,the integrity of evaluation laws and regulations,the uniqueness of evaluation methods,the flexibility of evaluation indicators and the sustainability of evaluation results.At present,Taiwan has gradually formed quality governance mechanism based on a self-discipline,self-accountability,self-improvement,self-development,which is governed by universities through self-assessment and supplemented by external evaluation.It provides better practices as a reference to establish and improve legal system of educational evaluation,and to promote universities to establish self-evaluation mechanism,and to use evaluation results reasonably.