铁路全封闭声屏障降噪效果试验研究

Experimental Study on Noise Reduction Effect of Fully Enclosed Sound Barrier on Railway

直立式声屏障是我国高速铁路噪声控制主要措施,仅在声影区有较好的降噪效果,全封闭声屏障、半封闭声屏障等进一步降低噪声的声屏障类型虽已在城市轨道交通广泛应用,但在铁路应用案例极少,为了保护"小鸟天堂"生态环境,我国深茂铁路于国内首次采用全封闭声屏障,为了分析其降噪效果,采用间接法进行现场测量,结果表明:动车组运行速度不高于132 km/h时,全封闭声屏障可大幅降低列车通过噪声,且不存在声亮区,距线路不同距离、不同高度处,全封闭声屏障降噪效果可达16~18 dB;呈现宽频降噪性能,对于400 Hz以上的噪声,降噪量高达10 dB以上;630 Hz以上降噪效果高达15 dB以上。试验明确了全封闭声屏障降噪特性,为我国高速铁路声屏障选型和优化设计提供参考。

The vertical sound barrier is the main measure of noise control in high-speed railways in China. It has good noise reduction effect only in the sound shadow area. The sound barriers such as fully enclosed sound barrier and semi-closed sound barrier are widely used in urban rail transit, but much less popular in railway applications. In order to protect the ecological environment of"Bird Paradise", Shenzhen-Maoming Railway adopts a fully enclosed sound barrier for the first time in China. In order to analyze its noise reduction effect, this paper uses the indirect method for field measurement. The results show that when the running speed of the EMU is not higher than 132 km/h, the fully enclosed sound barrier can greatly reduce the train passing noise without sound bright area, and its noise reduction effect can reach 16~18 dB at different distances and heights from the railway, which exhibits its broadband noise reduction performance. For noise above 400 Hz, the noise reduction is up to 10 dB;the noise reduction effect above 630 Hz is up to 15 dB. The noise reduction characteristics of the fully enclosed noise barrier are defined in the test, which will provide reference for the selection and optimization design of the noise barrier for high-speed railway in China.