烟蚜种群动态及烟蚜茧蜂田间释放控制效果

Population Dynamics of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Control Effects of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed in the Tobacco Fields

[目的]明确攀枝花烟区烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的田间控制效果。[方法]在攀枝花米易县坪山镇对田间烟蚜的消长规律进行了系统调查,并进行了田间释放烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜控制效果的对比试验。[结果]2016—2017年田间蚜虫种群数量消长均为双峰型,不同年份间烟蚜种群数量高峰期出现的日期和种群密度却有所差异,2016年烟蚜的第一个小高峰出现在6月14日左右,单株蚜量为21.3头;2017年烟蚜的第一个小高峰出现在6月19日左右,单株蚜量为33.7头。2016、2017年烟蚜第2个高峰期分别出现在7月14日、7月4日,单株蚜量分别为50.2、58.9头;释放烟蚜茧蜂7 d后,田间烟蚜的被寄生率明显升高,放蜂后15 d烟蚜的被寄生率达到最大值,放蜂21 d后,寄生率有所下降,且2017年的最高寄生率较2016年有所增加,平均寄生率高达60.51%,放蜂后,烟蚜数量减少,虫口减退率逐渐升高。放蜂后21 d烟蚜的虫口减退率高达76.90%~86.88%,显著高于对照烟田。[结论]烟蚜茧蜂对烟田烟蚜具有良好的控制效果,可进一步在攀枝花烟区进行推广应用。

[Objective]To determine the field control effects of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed to Myzus persicae(Sulzer)in Panzhihua tobacco area.[Method]We carried out the study on the population dynamics of M.persicae by systematic investigation method and used comparison test to evaluate the fields control effects of A.gifuensis Ashmaed in Pingshan Town,Miyi County from 2016 to 2017.[Result]The population dynamics of M.persicae showed a clear bimodal curve in the tobacco fields during 2016-2017,the first peak of M.persicae occurred on June 14,the number was 21.3/plant in 2016,the first peak of M.persicae occurred on June 19,the number was 33.7/plant in 2017,the second peak of M.persicae occurred on July 14 and July 4,the number was 50.2/plant and 58.9/plant.After 7 days of A.gifuensis Ashmaed releasing,the parasitic rate of M.persicae was significantly increased.After 15 days of releasing,the parasitic rate reached the maximum value.After 21 days of releasing,the parasitic rate decreased.After 21 days of releasing,the rate of populations decline reached 76.90%-86.88%,which was significantly higher than the control.[Conclusion]A.gifuensis Ashmaed has a good control effect on the M.persicae,which can be further popularized and applied in Panzhihua tobacco areas.