肾移植术后肺部感染的治疗研究进展

Research Progress of Treatment of Pulmonary Infection after Kidney Transplantation

肾移植现已成为治疗终末期肾病成熟有效的方法。近年来,随着医疗技术的不断发展与完善,肾移植患者的短期预后得到极大程度的改善,但患者长期存活率的改善不明显。相较于正常人群,肾移植术后患者存在营养状态差、手术创伤、代谢紊乱、免疫抑制剂治疗及各种管道等诸多易感因素,导致罹患肺部感染的风险较高,因感染带来的病死率居高不下。目前,临床上防治肺部感染的方案较多,包括新型免疫制剂的应用、小剂量联合用药、免疫球蛋白预防性的大剂量静滴等,但肺部感染仍是肾移植术后较为棘手的挑战。

Kidney transplantation has become a mature and effective method for the treatment of end-stage renal disease.In recent years,with the continuous development and improvement of medical technology,the short-term prognosis of renal transplantation patients has been greatly improved,but the long-term survival rate is not improved significantly.Compared with the normal population,patients with kidney transplantation usually have various susceptibility factors such as poor nutritional status,surgical trauma,metabolic disorders,immunosuppressive therapy,and attached multiple pipes,resulting in a higher risk of developing pulmonary infection,and high fatality caused by infection.Clinically,there are many treatment options for preventing and treating pulmonary infection,including the application of new immunological preparations,small-dose combination therapy,prophylactic intravenous drip of high-dose immunoglobulin,etc.,but it is still a great challenge after kidney transplantation.