DRIS法在金花茶和山茶营养诊断上的应用研究

Application of DRIS Method in Nutrition Diagnosis of Camellia nitidissima and Camellia japonica

【目的】根据研究结果及植物营养与肥料的关系进行平衡施肥,提高八角林下金花茶和山茶的生产能力和肥料利用率,为林下种植金花茶和山茶的栽培养护提供理论依据。【方法】以金花茶(Camellia nitidissima Chi)和山茶(C.japonica L)为试验材料,测定4种不同郁闭度下的金花茶和山茶的N、P、K元素含量,同时用DRIS法分析金花茶和山茶在不同郁闭度的八角林下的营养指标和养分情况。【结果】金花茶叶片的全N、全P含量均随着郁闭度的增加呈"增加-减小"趋势,均在郁闭度0.7下最大;金花茶叶片的全K和山茶叶片的全N、P、K含量均随着郁闭度的增加呈现增加趋势,且均在郁闭度0.9下最大。根据诊断施肥综合法(DRIS)分析发现,不同郁闭度下两种植物的需肥顺序各不相同;金花茶在全光照、郁闭度0.5、郁闭度0.7、郁闭度0.9下的需肥顺序为K>P>N、N>P>K、K>N>P、P>N>K;山茶在全光照、郁闭度0.5、郁闭度0.7、郁闭度0.9下的需肥顺序为N>P>K、K>P>N、K>N>P、P>K>N;金花茶的NII(营养不平衡指数)大小表现为郁闭度0.9>CK>郁闭度0.7>郁闭度0.5,山茶表现为CK>郁闭度0.9>郁闭度0.5>郁闭度0.7。【结论】根据两种植物的NII值大小可以得出,金花茶在郁闭度0.5下、山茶在郁闭度0.7下的营养最平衡,比较适宜两种植物的生长,但不同郁闭度下两种植物土壤养分状况、需肥情况存在一定差异,在生产上要根据实际郁闭度进行合理施肥。

【Objective】Based on the research results and the relationship between plant nutrition and fertilizer,balanced fertilization was carried out to improve productivity and fertilizer utilization rate of Camellia nitidissima and C.japonica,and provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and conservation of understory plants.【Method】By using C.nitidissima and C.japonica as experimental materials,the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in C.nitidissima and C.japonica under different canopy closures were determined,and the DRIS method was used to analyze the nutritional index and nutrient status of C.nitidissima and C.japonica under Illicium verum forests of different canopy density.【Result】The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the leaves of C.nitidissima showed an increasing-decreasing trend with the increase of canopy density,and they were the largest at a canopy density of 0.7.The total N,P and K contents in the leaves of C.japonica and total K content in the leaves of C.nitidissima showed an increasing trend with the increase of canopy density,and they were the largest under the canopy density of 0.9.According to the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System(DRIS),the order of fertilizer requirements of the two plants under various canopy density was different.The orders of fertilizer required for C.nitidissima in full illumination,canopy density of 0.5,canopy density of 0.7 and canopy density of 0.9 were showed as K>P>N,N>P>K,K>N>P and P>N>K.The order of fertilizer required for C.japonica in full illumination,canopy density of 0.5,canopy density of 0.7,and canopy density of 0.9 were showed as N>P>K,K>P>N,K>N>P,K>N>P,P>K>N.The NII(nutrition imbalance index)of C.nitidissima showed as:canopy density 0.9>CK>canopy density 0.7>canopy density 0.5 and that of C.japonica showed as:CK>canopy density 0.5>canopy density 0.9>canopy density 0.7.【Conclusion】According to the NII values of the two plants,it can be concluded that C.nitidissima and C.japonica have the optimal balance of nutrients at the canopy density of 0.5 and 0.7,respectively,which are suitable for the growth of C.nitidissima and C.japonica.However,there are some differences in soil nutrient status and fertilizer requirement between two plants under different canopy density.In production,reasonable fertilization should be carried out according to the actual canopy density.