生物炭+碱渣钙镁肥对镉污染土壤、花生产量和品质的影响

Effects of Biochar + Calcium-magnesium Fertilizer Made of Soda Waste on Cd-polluted Soil, Yield and Quality of Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

【目的】验证生物炭+碱渣钙镁肥对重金属镉(Cd)污染土壤的改良效果。【方法】在习惯施肥NPK对照的基础上,设置生物炭20 t/hm^2、碱渣钙镁肥3 t/hm^2和生物炭20 t/hm^2+碱渣钙镁肥3 t/hm^2处理进行花生田间小区试验,研究不同材料处理对Cd污染土壤的养分含量、有效Cd含量,以及花生米、花生壳和花生茎叶Cd含量的影响。【结果】与对照相比,生物炭+碱渣钙镁肥处理土壤pH值提高0.91个单位,土壤有效Cd含量降低11.63%,土壤pH与土壤有效Cd含量之间呈现显著负相关;土壤有机质、交换性Mg和有效Si含量分别提高21.71%、72.05%和39.34%(P<0.05);花生荚果产量和花生米粗蛋白含量分别增加22.57%和9.39%(P<0.05);生物炭+碱渣钙镁肥处理对减少花生茎叶对重金属Cd的吸收累积有明显作用。【结论】生物炭+碱渣钙镁肥能有效钝化土壤重金属Cd,提高花生的产量和品质,可以作为重金属Cd污染土壤的复混改良材料。

【Objective】The study was conducted to verify the improvement effects of biochar(B)+calcium-magnesium fertilizer(C)made of soda waste on soil contaminated by heavy-metal Cd.【Method】On the bases of conventional fertilization(NPK),the treatments of NPK(CK),NPK+20 t/hm^2 B,NPK+3 t/hm^2 C and NPK+20 t/hm^2 B+3 t/hm^2 C were made in the field plot experiment of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)and the effects of different treatments on nutrient content and effective Cd content of Cd contaminated soil,and Cd contents of peanut kernel,peanut shell and peanut stem leaf were studied.【Result】The results show that compared to CK,BC significantly increases the soil pH by 0.91,O.M.by 21.71%,available Mg by 72.05%,available Si by 39.34%,and decreases available Cd content of soil by 11.63%(P<0.05).The soil pH had significantly negative correlation with available Cd content of soil(P<0.05).The BC can increase the yield of peanut pods by 22.57%and protein content of peanut kernel by 9.39%(P<0.05).The BC is beneficial to decrease the Cd content of peanut stem and leaf.【Conclusion】Biochar+calcium-magnesium fertilizer is a blended material that can be used to improve the soils contaminated by heavy-metal Cd,and increase the yield and quality of peanut.