区域微型生物养护剂对池塘环境改善作用研究

Study on the Effect of Regional Micro-biological Curing Agent on the Improvement of Pond Environment

【目的】探讨区域微型生物养护剂在水产养殖中改善养殖生态环境的作用机理。【方法】在实验室内用水族缸建立4个模拟池塘生态环境,各处理的底泥、池水来源分别为:处理1和处理3来自南沙健康塘,处理2来自南沙非健康塘,处理4来自清远非健康塘,各引入鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)3尾、罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)2尾、清道夫鱼(Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus)2尾,搭配合理的投饲管理,定期使用以南沙与清远当地池塘微生物及农业生产次产品制成的池塘微型生物养护剂(护料),观察护料对水质因子、浮游藻类、原生动物及鱼体的养护作用。【结果】使用护料对降低处理2及处理4的氨氮效果显著,并在模拟试验期间维持各处理的水质因子相对稳定。试验过程中,浮游藻类震荡增加,试验组比对照组增速快、变动幅度窄,第90天(D90)时平均密度、种类数及多样性指数分别依次为处理4>处理1>处理3>处理2、处理2>处理4>处理1>处理3、处理4>处理2>处理1>处理3,使用护料可将主要浮游藻类种类养护为绿藻门、硅藻门种类,并降低单一优势种类的比例;在护料的养护下,原生动物的物种丰富度明显增加,第60天(D60)时各处理的平均密度、种类数量及多样性指数均表现为处理1>处理3>处理2>处理4;鱼体存活率大幅提高,各组存活率依次为处理1(85.7%)>处理2(57.1%)>平均数(50.0%)>处理4=处理3(28.6%),其中,对水质要求高的鳙鱼在处理1、处理2中均有1尾存活。【结论】运用护料中具有区域属性的微生物菌群,并随养殖时期调整护料C/N比,可养护池塘使养殖系统动态稳定,保持健康养殖。

【Objective】The study was conducted to explore the mechanism of the action of the regional micro-biological curing agent in improving the ecological environment in aquaculture.【Method】The simulated pond ecological environment was established in 4 aquarium tanks,in which the mud and water were collected from a healthy pond in Nansha town of Guangzhou City(Group 1 and 3),an unhealthy pond from Nansha Town(Group 2),and an unhealthy pond in Qingyuan City.3 Aristichthys nobilis,2 Oreochromis mossambicus and 2 Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus were cultured in each tank and the scientific feeding management was applied to observe the effects of conserving stuff on water quality factors,phytoplankton,protozoa and fish survival rateby using local pond microorganism in Nansha and Qingyuan and pond micro-biological curing agent(conserving stuff)made from agricultural sub-products regularly.【Result】With the use of conserving stuff,the ammonia nitrogen was greatly reduced in Group 2 and Group 4,and the water quality factors were stable during the experiment period.The average phytoplankton density,number of species and diversity index in experimental groups grew more rapidly and varied in less narrow range than those in control group,which showed as:Group 4>Group 1>Group 3>Group 2,Group 2>Group 4>Group 1>Group 3 and Group 4>Group 2>Group 1>Group 3 on D90 respectively.The main species of phytoplankton could be maintained as chlorophyta and diophyta species,and the proportion of single dominant species was reduced.The species richness of protozoa increased obviously,and the average density,number of species and diversity index of all groups showed as:Group 1>Group 3>Group 2>Group 4 on D60.The survival rate of fish was significantly increased,which showed as:Group 1(85.7%)>Group 2(57.1%)>average(50.0%)>Group 4=Group 3(28.6%),and A.nobilis,which needs to live in good water condition,was alive in Group 1 and Group 2.【Conclusion】Both the local microorganism in conserving stuff and the adjustable C/N ratio of conserving stuff played active roles in improving the aquaculture ecosystem and the stability of pond culture system could be maintained in a dynamic balance.