适宜茶园套种的绿肥型油菜资源筛选及初步应用

Screening and preliminary application of rapeseed materials as green manure intercropped in tea plantations

为推广生态茶园油菜绿肥套种模式,于2017-2018年在茶园系统评价筛选适宜套种的油菜资源。比较23个不同油菜品种(品系)盛花期植株的生长与养分还田量,结果发现:茶园套种油菜的生物量、株高、养分还田量等指标表现存在差异;种植后根际土pH、有机质、碱解氮含量发生改变。综合比较发现,品种阳光131、圣光86和中双11表现相对较好:单株生物量达0.81~1.00 kg;植株养分还田量高,三者的氮磷钾养分还田量分别为49.21~72.48 kg/hm2、12.64~17.40 kg/hm^2和33.64~56.29 kg/hm^2,可基本满足茶青的生长需求,且三个品种种植后土壤有效养分和有机质的改善较为明显。大地69和油肥1号株高相对较矮,适宜在低龄或矮枞茶园中套种。于2018-2019年探索油菜品种阳光131作为绿肥在不同树龄茶园套种的应用,发现土壤的有机质含量明显改善,pH值有所提升。综上,冬季茶/油菜(绿肥)套种模式中绿肥型油菜品种的优选及应用将有利于优质高效生态茶园建设,并将助力我国茶产业转型升级和可持续发展。

For better construction and promotion of tea-rapeseed intercropping mode in China, 23 rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) cultivars and lines were evaluated and screened for their adaptation to tea plantations as green manure in 2017-2018. Results showed differences among the blooming rapeseeds in plant biomass, plant height and nutrients return to field. After returning, soil pH, organic matter and alkaline N content were improved by most of the rapeseed as green manures. Among the 23 rapeseed materials, cultivar Yangguang 131, Shengguang 86 and Zhongshuang 11 had optimal value. They had the highest plant biomass(0.81-1.00 kg), returned the highest N(49.21-72.48 kg/hm^2), P(12.64-17.40 kg/hm^2) and K(33.64-56.29 kg/hm^2), which could meet the demand for tea leaves. Furthermore, soil organics were improved obviously. Two other cultivars Dadi 69 and Youfei 1 had the potential to intercrop with young or dwarf tea because of their short plant heights. By application of Yangguang 131 in 2 tea plantations with different ages of tea plants during 2018-2019, soil organic and pH were obviously improved after green manure application. In summary, rapeseed cultivars were optimal as green manure in tea plantation. It could be expected for continual winter tea/rapeseed plantation and tea production in China.