高油酸花生遗传改良研究进展

Research progress of peanut breeding with high oleic acid

油酸和亚油酸是花生种仁中的主要脂肪酸,其含量和比例是花生和花生油的重要品质指标,花生中的油酸含量存在丰富的遗传变异,与普通花生相比,高油酸花生因含有较高的不饱和脂肪酸更受到消费者的青睐。提高花生油酸含量、降低亚油酸含量(即提高油酸、亚油酸比值,O/L值)是花生品质改良的重点,也是国内外研究的热点之一。通过育种途径改良花生脂肪酸成分及其含量,对于提高人民生活水平和增进营养健康具有重要意义。本文围绕着调控油酸含量的脂肪酸脱氢酶FAD2基因的特点,高油酸花生分子标记的研究进展,油酸含量的检测技术和高油酸花生育种的方法进行了综述,总结了中美两国高油酸花生育成的新品种以及对高油酸花生育种的现状,并进行了展望。

There is abundant genetic variation in peanut oleic acid content. Compared with common oleic acid peanuts, high oleic acid peanuts are favored by consumers due to their high monounsaturated fatty acids. Increasing the content of oleic acid and decreasing the content of linoleic acid(increasing O/L value) played the key role in peanut quality improvement and had the major interest of domestic and foreign research. It is very important to improve people′s living standard and health through breeding the improved composition of fatty acid. Based on the characteristics of FAD2 genes of the fatty acid dehydrogenase, the research progress of molecular markers of peanuts with high oleic acid, the detection technology of oleic acid content and the breeding methods of peanuts with high oleic acid were reviewed. Subsequently, the new varieties of high-oleic acid peanuts developed in China and the United States at the present situation and prospect of high-oleic acid peanut breeding were summarized.