转录组测序在林草植物抗逆性研究中的应用

Application of RNA-seq technology in research on herb, shrub and tree stress resistance

生物和非生物胁迫对农作物产量和生态环境造成极大的威胁,林草植物对外界环境具有较强的适应能力,因此挖掘林草植物抗逆基因,分析其抗逆机制已经成为当下的研究趋势。随着科学技术的发展,利用生物测序技术研究植物抗逆的分子机制已成为当今植物逆境生理和分子生物学研究的一个重大课题,其中转录组测序(RNA-seq)研究是揭示植物抗逆机理以及筛选抗逆基因的主要研究技术。以Roche/454、Illumina/Solexa和ABI/SOLID为代表的二代测序技术(NGS)发展迅速,相较于传统测序手段具有成本低、测序时间短、高通量等优点,已被广泛应用于全基因组、RNA-seq和miRNA测序等研究。因此,RNA-seq技术可加快林草植物抗逆机制的研究和抗逆基因资源的挖掘,从而为农作物、优良林草植物抗逆性遗传改良和新品种培育奠定基础。本研究详细介绍了近年来NGS技术在林草植物应对病虫害、高温、冷害、盐、干旱以及土地贫瘠等方面的转录组学的研究进展,最后针对转录组测序的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。

Biotic and abiotic stresses pose a great threat to crop yields and ecological environment conservation.As herbs,shrubs and trees are extremely adaptable to the external environment,it has become a current trend to identify the stress-tolerant genes and investigate the adaptive mechanisms of herbs,shrubs and trees.Research on molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to stress,using sequencing technology,has become a major part of the investigation of plant stress physiology.As biotechnology has developed,the transcriptome approach(RNA-seq)has emerged as one of the crucial approaches for identification of stress-tolerant genes.The next-generation sequencing technologies(NGS)are low cost and have greater depth than ever before.These include Roche/454,Illumina/Solexa,and ABI/Solid,and have been widely applied to whole-genome,RNA-seq and miRNA sequencing studies.Therefore,RNA-seq has high potential to accelerate the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of herb,shrub and tree resistance and thus for identification of a large resource of gene sequence information.Such research will lay a solid foundation for developing stress-tolerant crops,herbs,shrubs and tree species.Research examples of the biotic and abiotic stress-tolerance of herbs,shrubs and trees identified using RNA-seq are introduced in this paper.The emerging trends and prospects for further applications of RNA-seq are also discussed.