海陵湾浮游动物群落结构及其与主要环境因子的关系

Zooplankton community structure in Hailing Bay and its relationship with primary environmental factors

依据2015年2月(冬季)、7月(夏季)、11月(秋季)及2016年4月(春季)海陵湾4个航次的调查资料,分析了该海湾浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、丰度和生物量、生物多样性等群落结构特征及其主要影响因素。调查共发现浮游动物132种和浮游幼虫14类,其中桡足类最多(54种)。浮游动物群落在两个相邻调查季节间无相同优势种,显示了海陵湾浮游动物群落具有明显的季节变化。浮游动物丰度和生物量均以冬季最高、夏季最低,除夜光虫(Nocitiluca scintillans)外,浮游动物丰度表现为春秋季高于冬夏季。浮游动物群落物种ShannonWiener指数(H′)和均匀度指数(J′)的变化趋势相似,表现为夏秋季高于冬春季。海陵湾夜光虫出现在温度较低的冬春季,并大量繁殖,夏秋季节消失,相关分析表明,以夜光虫为主的原生动物与水温呈显著负相关关系,说明水温是影响海陵湾夜光虫生长繁殖的主要影响因素之一。

Based on the data obtained from four voyages in February(winter),July(summer),November(autumn)in 2015 and April(spring)in 2016,we investigated the structure of zooplankton community,including species composition,abundance,biomass,dominant species and species diversity in Hailing Bay.A total of 132 zooplankton species and 14 types of pelagic larvae were identified.The most dominant group of zooplankton was Copepoda(54 species).There was no similar dominant species between two adjacent seasons,indicating that the zooplankton community in Hailing Bay had obvious seasonal variation.Abundance and biomass of zooplankton were highest in winter but lowest in summer.Zooplankton abundance was greater in autumn and spring than in winter and summer except for Noctiluca scintillans.Both Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)and Pielou’s evenness index(J′)were higher in autumn and summer than in winter and spring.N.scintillans appeared in winter and spring with mass propagation since the temperature was low,but disappeared in summer and autumn.Correlation analysis shows that there is a significant negative correlation between N.scintillans-dominated Protozoa and water temperature,indicating that water temperature is one of the main factors affecting the growth and reproduction of N.scintillans in Hailing Bay.