面向乡村振兴的心理精准扶贫:内生动力的视角

Psychologically Targeted Poverty Alleviation for Rural Revitalization:A Perspective of Endogenous Power

要协同并衔接好脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴这两项战略,激发贫困人口的内生动力(即积极正向的核心价值观)就显得尤为重要。贫困人口内生动力匮乏的深层原因概因其具有稀缺性心态、家庭功能缺失、现代性心理和市场理性的缺乏等消极心理资源所致。因而,心理扶贫是构建长效脱贫动力机制的关键抓手,当下的心理精准扶贫应从以下五个方面入手:制定干预并促进内生动力的对策、创设有条件现金转移支付塑造脱贫行为、健全贫困人口的家庭功能、出台多元文化教育与干预政策、设置专业的社区心理扶贫工作岗位;此外,还应加强贫困心理研究成果的运用转化。进而使内部心理动力与外部扶贫力量形成合力,构造内外共治、标本兼治的扶贫格局,以取得脱贫攻坚决胜阶段的全面胜利、打牢乡村振兴的基础。

To connect and synergize the two strategies of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,it is vital to stimulate the endogenous power(i.e.,positive core value system)of impoverished individuals.Research has identified the underlying reasons for the lack of endogenous power of impoverished individuals as scarcity mindset and negative psychological resources,which include the lack of modern mentality,market rationality and family function.Therefore,psychological poverty alleviation shall serve as the key to establishing a long-term mechanism for poverty alleviation.Five aspects need to be focused on in incorporating this practice in the ongoing program of targeted poverty alleviation.First,develop countermeasures for promoting endogenous power;second,create conditional cash transfer to shape poverty alleviation behavior;third,improve family function for the impoverished individuals;fourth,formulate polices for multicultural education and intervention;and finally,set up professional jobs for psychological poverty alleviation in community.In addition,it is highly pertinent to strengthen the application and transfer of the research findings of poverty psychology.Implementing these measures can help combine the internal strength of psychological power and the external endeavor towards poverty alleviation.Meanwhile,a poverty alleviation mechanism drawing from internal and external sources of governance which help address the symptoms as well as the root causes of poverty can be built to achieve full-scale victory at the final stage of poverty alleviation,preparing a solid foundation for rural revitalization.