2016-2018年宁夏流感监测结果分析

Analysis of influenza surveillance results in Ningxia from 2016 to 2018

目的对2016-2018年宁夏流感哨点监测结果进行分析,探讨其流行特征。方法将国家级哨点监测医院每周统计上报流感样病例(ILI),采集ILI咽拭子标本;流感网络实验室采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行流感病毒核酸检测,对有关资料进行统计分析。结果 2016年第14周-2018年第13周宁夏9家哨点医院共报告ILI 29 330例,占门急诊病例的0.74%,24岁以下年龄组占65.23%。采集ILI标本13 139份,流感病毒核酸检测阳性标本1 399份,阳性率为10.65%。2016-2017监测年度,流感流行以A(H3N2)为优势毒株,占构成比的86.43%;其次为甲型H1N1,占12.45%。2017-2018监测年度,流感流行以B-Yamagata(BY)系为主,占构成比的56.10%;其次为甲型H1N1,占39.61%。2个监测年度的ILI%分别为0.70%、0.77%,流感病毒核酸阳性率分别为8.39%、12.30%。流行高峰均出现在上年的12月-次年的1月。结论 2016-2018年,宁夏流感以冬春季流行为特征,高发人群主要为青少年和儿童,以A(H3N2)、甲型H1N1、BY亚型毒株交替、混合流行,未发现其他新亚型病毒。

Objective To analyze the surveillance results of influence in Ningxia from 2016 to 2018 and explore its epidemiological characteristics.Methods Nucleic acid detection was performed on nasopharyngeal swab specimens of influenza-like cases(ILI) collected from National influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals by using real-time RT-PCR method. The relevant data were analyzed.Results 29 330 cases of ILI were reported by 9 sentinel hospitals in Ningxia form the 14 th week of 2016 to the 13 th week of 2018. The ILI was 0.74% among the outpatient and emergency cases,and 65.23% of the patients were under 24 years old. 13 139 specimens were detected,among which 1399 specimens were positive,accounting for 10. 65%. Influenza A( H3 N2) was the dominant strain in the surveillance year 2016-2017,accounting for 86. 43%,followed by H1 N1( 12. 45%). Influenza B-Yamagata( BY) was the dominant strain in the surveillance year 2017-2018,accounting for 56. 10%,followed by H1 N1( 39. 61%). The ILI% was 0. 70%,0. 77% in the two surveillance years,the influenza virus nucleic acid positive rate was 8. 39% and 12. 30%. The epidemic peaks occurred between December of last year and January of next year. Conclusion From 2016 to 2018,the influenza epidemic in Ningxia is characterized by winter and spring. The teenagers and children were the main susceptible population,A( H3N2),A( H1N1) and BY subtypes were alternately and mixed epidemics,and no other new subtypes have been found.