论洛克的教育理念:幸福、自由与理性

On Locke’s Educational Idea: Happiness, Freedom and Rationality

17世纪,英国的洛克试图建立一种理想的政治秩序,通过教育培养出新秩序所需要的人。为此,基于经验论,洛克建立了他的培育观,幸福、自由与理性成为其教育理念的核心内涵。洛克的教育理念对后世产生了深远而重要影响,主要体现在三方面:一是在教育理念上直接影响了法国启蒙教育和自然教育思想,也影响了西方理性主义、实用主义和民主教育思想;二是在教育实践方面,使英国形成了造就绅士贵族精神的教育传统,为西方现代教育确定了清晰明确的内容、目标;三是从教育发展变革看,洛克的教育理念完成了西方教育理论与实践从中世纪向现代的过渡,让西方教育迅速走上现代化道路。

In the 17th century,John Locke in England tried to establish an ideal political order and cultivate people needed for the new order through education.Therefore,based on empiricism,Locke established his cultivation concept,with happiness,freedom and rationality as its core connotation.Locke’s educational idea has exerted a profound and important influence on later generations,mainly in three aspects.Firstly,from the perspective of educational idea,it directly influenced French enlightenment education and natural education thought,and also influenced western rationalism,pragmatism and democratic education thought.Secondly,from the perspective of educational practice,it formed British educational tradition of bringing up the spirit of gentry and nobility,which has set clear contents and objectives for modern western education.Thirdly,from the perspective of educational development and transformation,Locke’s educational idea completed the transition of western educational theory and practice from the Middle Ages to modern times,and has made western education rapidly embark on the road of modernization.