中德高职院校校长任职特征与职业发展路径的比较研究——基于中德40位高职校长数据的分析

A Comparative Study of the Characteristics and Career Development Paths of Chinese and German Higher Vocational School Principals——Based on the Analysis of 40 Higher Vocational School Principals in China and Germany

对比分析中国和德国的40位高职院校校长任职特征与发展路径可知,德国高职校长的初任校长年龄和平均现任年龄均高于中国,中德校长普遍拥有教授职称,95%的德国校长拥有博士学历,且拥有丰富的高校、政府、企业、NGO和协会等组织的工作经历;中德高职校长发展路径皆以学术型为主,德国高职校长发展路径更加丰富多元。上述中德校长之间的差异与校长选拔任命方式的差别等有着最为直接的关系。为提升我国高职校长发展水平,政府需要优化高职校长选拔条件,重视校长丰富的校内外工作经历,增强院校管理的延续性,高职校长更需要增强自身任职能力与素质建设。

After comparing and analyzing the characteristics and development paths of 40 higher vocational school principals in China and Germany,it was found that both the age of German principals when they started work as principals and the average current age of German principals are higher than that of Chinese principals.While both Chinese and German higher vocational school principals generally have professor titles,95%of those from Germany have doctoral degrees.Moreover,higher vocational school principals in Germany have adequate organizational working experience in higher education settings,government,enterprises,NGOs and associations.Although the career paths of both Chinese and German higher vocational school principals mainly focus on academic development,the career paths of German higher vocational school principals are more diverse.The in-depth analysis suggested that the abovementioned differences between Chinese and German higher vocational school principals are closely linked to their selection and appointment criteria.Therefore,in order to advance the career progression of Chinese higher vocational school principals,relevant government departments should optimize the selection and appointment criteria of higher vocational school principals,require adequate working experience both inside and outside school from principals and enhance the continuity of school management.In the meantime,principals of Chinese higher vocational school should continue improving their management skills and levels of professionalism.