神经假肢手的感知反馈重建技术及应用

Technologies and applications of tactile sensory feedback of neural prosthetic hand

重建假肢手的感知反馈功能是当前神经康复工程的重大挑战之一。从触觉感知的神经基础、重建技术分类及其应用等方面,综述了神经假肢手人机交互技术的进展。功能性电刺激是常用的神经调控技术,可用于刺激大脑皮层、外周神经及皮肤感受器等,达到重建感知功能的目的,并已取得一些重大技术突破和临床应用。基于诱发指感的表面电刺激技术可形成一种非侵入神经接口,结合神经移植再造感知功能,有很好的应用前景。

The neural prosthesis is an important aid that helps patients of physical disability to restore the functions of the limbs, so as to improve the quality of life. However, the motor control of the current prosthetic devices is still highly dependent on the visual feedback of the user, due to the lack of the perceptual feedback(tactile, proprioception, temperature, pain, etc.).Even through a long period of training, it is difficult for the user to achieve a fine and skillful manipulation of the prosthetic device, with a high rate of abandonment, or rejection of the device, especially, the prosthetic hands. Restoring sensory function for the prosthetic hand is essential and has become one of the major challenges in the field of the neurorehabilitation engineering and the medical robotics. Several neural technologies were developed to allow the restoration of the sensory ability, with sensory feedback technologies being applied to patients with the amputation and the spinal cord injury. A breakthrough of improvement in the functionality and the embodiment of the prosthetic hands is shown. This paper reviews the neural basis of the sensory function, the different types of neural technologies and their applications, as well as the latest developments in the sensory neural prosthesis technologies.