机采棉主要农艺性状与密度相关性分析

Correlation Analysis between Main Agronomic Traits and Density in Mechanical Harvest Cotton

为研究棉花适宜机采农艺性状与密度的相关性,明确通过密度塑造适宜机采株型的方法,采用大田试验,以K836为试验材料,设计3×10^4、6×10^4和9×10^4株/hn^23个密度处理,研究密度对机采棉子棉产量的影响及其与机采棉主要农艺性状的相关性分析。结果表明,在本研究密度范围内,棉花株高、果枝长度、果枝第一节位长度、果枝节数、单株果枝数和单株干物质量随着密度的增加而下降,密度对第一果枝节位和果枝夹角没有显著影响。与低密度(3×10^4株/hn^2)相比,高密度处理(9×10^4株/hn^2)棉花单铃重降低,衣分提高,单株铃数降低,总铃数增加,密度对子棉产量没有显著影响。除第一果枝高度外,株高、第一果枝节位、果枝长度、果枝第一节位长度、果枝节数、果枝夹角、单株果枝数与单株干物质量和单株铃数呈正相关,与单铃重和子棉产量呈负相关,其中果枝长度和单株果枝数呈极显著正相关。因此,适当增加种植密度使棉花株高降低,果枝变短,株型更为紧凑,可以通过密度塑造适合机械采收的株型,冀南地区高密度(9×10^4株/hn^2)处理棉花株型符合机采要求。

To study the effects of density on the agronomic traits of mechanical harvest cotton,and to breed the plant variety suitable for mechanical harvest by increasing density.Field experiments with K836 were conducted with three planting densities(3×10^4,6×10^4and 9×10^4 plants/hm2)to study the effects of density and its correlation analysis.The results showed that the plant height,the length of the fruit branch,the length of the first node in the fruit branch,the nodes per fruit branch,the fruit branches per plant and the dry weight per plant decreased with the increase of density.Compared with low density(3×10^4 plants/hm2),high density(9×10^4 plants/hm2)had lower single boll weight,higher lint percentage,lower bolls per plant and higher total bolls,but there was no significant effect on yield.The plant height,height of the first fruit branch,the node of the first fruit branch,the length of the fruit branch,the length of the first node of the fruit branch,the nodes per fruit branch,the branch angle,the fruit branches per plant were positively correlated with bolls per plant and dry weight per plant,negatively correlated with single boll weight and yield.Therefore,increasing the density could reduce the plant height,shorten the fruit branch and make the plant more compact.The plant density could be adjusted suitable for mechanical harvesting.The density of 9×10^4 plants/hm2 in southern Hebei meets the requirements of mechanical harvesting.