内蒙古灌溉马铃薯氮肥减施依据及措施

Basis and Measures for Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer on Irrigated Potato in Inner Mongolia

内蒙古是我国重要的马铃薯种薯和商品薯生产基地,灌溉马铃薯虽然种植面积仅占20%,但对总产的贡献非常大。在前期调查中发现,该地区氮肥施用普遍过量,氮肥利用效率非常低,造成资源浪费和环境风险双重问题。通过多年的研究及农户调查数据分析,得出以下结论:氮肥用量超过300kg/hm^2、产量低于45t/hm\氮肥偏生产力(PFPz)小于150kg/kg的农户为氮肥减施对象;可通过总量控制、分期施用及有机肥替代等措施实行氮肥减施;植株叶片SPAD仪营养诊断可应用于指导分期调控的氮肥减施实践。

Inner Mongolia is the important region for potato and potato seed production,where irrigated potato is a major contribution to the total production although it accounts only for 20%of the planting area.Based on our previous survey,it was found that over-use of nitrogen fertilizer was very popular,which resulted in low nitrogen use efficiency and high envioronmental risk.After analyzing the results from multi-year field experiments and farmer survey by our research group,it was concluded that the fields with more than 300kg/hm2 nitrogen application,the tuber yield of less than 45t/hm2 and PFPN lower than 150kg/kg needed to decrease nitrogen input.The measures for reducing nitrogen fertilizer could be carried out by the control of total use of nitrogen fertilizer,application by stages,as well as organic fertilizer substitution and so on;Nitrogen fertilizer application can be recommended based on leaf SPAD diagnosis method.