网络虚拟社会中道德自律的独特功能与实现路径

Unique Function and Implementation Path of Moral Self-discipline in Internet Virtual Society

网络虚拟社会正在改变现代民众的生活和交往方式,在给网民带来便捷、愉悦和机遇的同时,也容易导致网络暴力、网瘾、网络色情等问题,乃至网络黑客、人肉搜索、网络诈骗等网络犯罪问题。诸如此类网络问题产生的原因是多方面的,但网民主体的道德素养是其中的重要因素。网络世界的虚拟性,使得一些不能自制自律的网民在网络世界可以信马由缰、毫无顾忌地畅所欲言;网络虚拟社会的双刃性,也会导致网民主体网络人格与现实人格之间的分裂,人性恶的一面可能会被放大,个人的道德感也会弱化。所以,网络虚拟社会的治理需要加强和倡导广大网民的道德自律,通过道德自律来促成网民的道德他律,网络道德自律与他律的紧密结合,使得社会发展进程达到一种和谐稳定状态。相对于他律手段,网络道德自律的调控效果更为稳定和持久,是一种低成本而高效率的规范约束机制。因此,在互联网技术日新月异和应用日益普及的当下,发挥道德自律的独特功能,强化网民主体的道德自律,积极培养适应网络社会交往的自律意识,显得尤为现实和急迫。

The Internet virtual society is changing the way of life and communication of modern people. While bringing convenience, pleasure and opportunity to netizens, it is also likely to cause problems, such as cyber violence, internet addiction, online pornography, and even cyber hacking, "human flesh" search, network fraud and other cybercrime problems. The causes for such Internet-related problems can be found in many aspects, but the moral quality of the Internet users is an important factor. Due to the virtual nature of the online world, some netizens who can’t handle self-discipline may act unscrupulously and irresponsibly in the online world. The double-edged nature of the Internet virtual society will also lead to the split between the network personality and the real personality. The evil side of human nature may be magnified, and the moral sense of the individual will be weakened. Therefore, the governance of the Internet virtual society needs to strengthen and advocate the moral self-discipline of the netizens. By using moral self-discipline to promote the morality of the netizens, facilitating the close integration of the network moral self-discipline with other laws, the social development process reaches a state of harmony and stability. Compared with other discipline methods, the regulation effect of network moral self-discipline is more stable and durable, and it is a low-cost and high-efficiency normative constraint mechanism. Therefore, in the current era of Internet technology and the increasing popularity of Internet applications, it is particularly realistic and urgent to exert the unique functions of moral self-discipline, strengthen the moral self-discipline of network users, and actively cultivate self-discipline awareness in adapting to network social interaction.