中国大气环境污染与劳动生产率动态关系的实证研究

Empirical Study on Dynamic Relationship Between Air Pollution and Labor Productivity in China

日益严峻的大气环境污染问题使人们重新审视劳动生产率与环境污染间的关系。文章以二氧化硫和烟粉尘为环境污染指标,采用2003-2017年工业行业面板数据,加入科技、外商直接投资和政府管制因素,基于扩展的EKC模型和对我国大气环境污染与劳动生产率的动态关系进行实证研究。结果表明:工业二氧化硫和烟粉尘排放强度相对劳动生产率符合"倒N"型曲线,36个工业行业中只有石油和天然气开采业、烟草制造业和石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业的劳动生产率超过了第二个拐点,它们的排放强度处于下降阶段。科技水平对工业二氧化硫和烟粉尘排放具有显著的促进作用,外商直接投资水平对二氧化硫和烟粉尘排放具有显著的限制作用,政府管制水平对二氧化硫排放具有显著的限制作用,对烟粉尘的作用不明显。

The increasingly severe air pollution causes people to re-examine the relationship between labor productivity and environmental pollution. The paper takes sulfur dioxide and smoke dust as the index of environmental pollution, uses the industrial panel data from 2003 to 2017, brings in science and technology, foreign direct investment and government control, and also relies on the extended EKC model and the dynamic relationship between the atmospheric environmental pollution and the labor productivity in China to conduct empirical studies. The results show that the relative labor productivity of industrial sulfur dioxide and smoke dust emission intensity is in accordance with the "inverted N" curve;Of the 36 industrial sectors, only petroleum and gas extraction, tobacco manufacturing, petroleum and gas processing, coking and nuclear fuel processing exceed the second turning point in labor productivity, with their emission intensity on the decline;scientific and technological level plays a remarkable role in promoting the emission of industrial sulfur dioxide and smoke dust;the level of foreign direct investment has a significant limiting effect on the emission of sulfur dioxide and smoke dust;government control level has a significant limiting effect on sulfur dioxide emission, but no obvious effect on smoke dust.