新中国七十年特殊教育师资培养:成就、问题与走向

70 Years of Special Education Teacher Training in China: Achievements, Challenges and Trends

我国特殊教育师资培养经过建国初的本土化探索时期、改革开放后的体系形成时期以及迈向新时代的稳中求进时期,在培养规模、培养层次等方面取得了卓越成就。目前我国特殊教育师资培养面临"教师角色定位模糊,职业指向不明确""课程内容偏重理论性与通识性,实践性与专业性不强""职前培养与职后培训脱节,缺乏与技术的深度整合""高校师资队伍结构不合理,尚未形成多学科协作育人机制"的问题。为应对这些问题,实现特殊教育师资培养的优质可持续发展,制度化、专业化、信息化及协作化将成为未来我国特殊教育师资培养的新走向。

The training of special education teachers in China has made remarkable achievements in terms of its scale and level,from the exploration of localization in the early days,to the system formation after the reform and opening up,to the steady progress made in the new era.Currently,challenges of special education teacher training include the"ambiguous role of teachers","unclear occupational orientation","biased curriculum towards theoretical and general knowledge,lacking practicality and professionalism","detached pre-service and in-service training","weak integration with technology","unreasonable structure of college teachers",and"weak multidisciplinary collaborative education mechanism".To cope with these difficulties and realize the quality and sustainable development,greater attention should be paid to the institutionalization,specialization,informatization and collaboration of special education teacher training.